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Van Der Does, Patricia et. al. "Reading Images: A Study of a Dutch Neighborhood." Visual Sociology. 7:1 (Spring 1992): 4-67.
Wagner, Jon (Ed). Images of Information: Still Photography in the Social Sciences. (Beverly Hills: Sage, 1979).
Walker, Andrew L. and Rosalind Kimball Moulton. "Photo Albums: Images of Time and Reflections of Self." Qualitative Sociology. 12 (1989): 155-182.
Watkins, Susan Cotts. "Graphics in Demography." Studies in Visual Communication. 11:3 (Summer 1985): 2-21.
Weber, Ronald L. "Photographs as Ethnographic Documents." Artic Anthropology. 22:1 (1985): 67-78.
Wiber, Melanie G. "Undulating Women and Erect Men: Visual Imagery of Gender and Progress in Illustrations of Human Evolution." Visual Anthropology. 7:1 (1994): 1-20.
Woodhead, Leslie and Andre Singer. Disappearing World: Television and Anthropology. (London: Boxtree, 1988).
Woodward, Peter. "Jewish Children Under the Camera: An Ethnographic Study of Jewish Children in Britain." Visual Anthropology. 5:3-4 (1992): 307-330.
Worth, Sol. "Margaret Mead and the Shift from 'Visual Anthropology' to the 'Anthropology of Visual communication'." Studies in Visual Communication. 6:1 (Spring, 1980): 15-22.
Wright, Terence. "Photography, Realism and 'The Natives'. British Journal of Photography 6400. 130 (1983): 340-342.
Wright, Terence. "Lines of Descent Photography for Evidence or Interpretation?" Visual Sociology. 4:2 (Fall 1989): 63-70.
Wright, Terence. "The Fieldwork Photographs of Jenness and Malinowski and the Beginnings of Modern Anthropology." Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford. 22:1 (1991).
Young, Colin. "Ignorance or Modesty." Visual Sociology. 4:2 (Fall 1989): 4-10.
Ziller, Robert C. Photographing the Self. (Newbury Park: Sage, 1990).
Banks, Ana. "Images Trapped in Two Discourses: Photojournalism Codes and the International News Flow." Journal of Communication Inquiry. 18:1 (Winter 1994: 118-134.
Bazeli, Marilyn J. "Visual Literacy Education: Developing Thinking Citizens Across Cultures." In Roberts Braden, Judy Clark Baca, Darrell Beauchamp (Eds.)Visual Communication, (Blacksburg, VA: The International Visual Literacy Association, Inc., 1991).
Bellman, Beryl L. and Bennetta Jules-Rosette. A Paradigm for Looking: Cross-Cultural Research With Visual Media. (Norwood NJ: Ablex, 1977).
Binnie-Dawson, J. L. M. and P. P. Choi. "A Study of Perceptual and Cultural Cues in Chinese and Western Paintings." Psychologia. 25 (1982) 18-31.
Blackman, M. "'Copying People': Northwest Coast Native Response to Early Photography." BC Studies. 52 (1982): 86-112.
Blinn, Lynn M. "The Family Photo Assessment Process (FPAP): A Method of Validating Cross-Cultural Comparisons of Family Social Identities." Journal of Comparative Family Studies. 19:1 (1988): 17-35.
Deregowski, J. B. Illusions, Patterns and Pictures: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. (New York: Academic Press, 1980)
Deregowski, J. B., E.S. Muldrow, and W. F. Muldrow. "Pictorial Recognition in a Remote Ethiopian Population." Perception 1 (1972), 417-425.
Ekman, P. The Face of Man: Expressions of Universal Emotion in a New Guinea Village. (New York: Garland, 1980).
Falconer, J. "Photography in Nineteenth Century India." In C. Bayley (Ed.) The Raj: India and the British 1600-1947. (London: National Portrait Gallery, 1990): 264-277.
Gustafson, Marilyne R. and Stacy I. Roettger. "Pictorial Literacy Skills of Haitian and Hmong Women." Journal of Visual Literacy. 11:1, 5-84.
Gutman, J. M. Through Indian Eyes: 19th and 20th Century Photography from India. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1982).
Hagan, M. A. and R. K. Jones. "Cultural Effects on Pictorial Perception: How Many Words is One Picture Really Worth?" In R. D. Wald and H. L. Pick, Jr. (Eds.) Perception and Experience. (New York: Plenum Press, 1978): 171-214.
Hamdi, N., F. Knirk and W. B. Michael. "Differences Between American and Arabic Children in Performance on Measures of Pictorial Depth Perception." Educational and Psychological Measurement. 42 (1982): 285-296.
Hammond, Joyce D. "Visualizing Themselves: Tongan Videography in Utah." Visual Anthropology. 1:4 (1988): 379-400.
Hinde, R. A. "The Comparative Study of Non-Verbal Communication." In Jonathan Benthall and Ted Polhemus, (Eds.) The Body as a Medium of Expression. (London: Allen Lane, 1975): 107-142.
Hofman, R. J., and M. L. Trepanier. "A Cross-Cultural Influence on Some Basic Graphic Representations of Young Chinese and American Children." Journal of Genetic Psychology. 141 (1982): 167-175.
Jones, Rebecca K. and Margaret A. Hagen. "A Perspective on Cross-Cultural Picture Perception." In Margaret A. Hagen (Ed.) The Perception of Pictures. Vol. 2. (New York: Academic Press, 1980).
Kenney, Keith. "Using Self-Portraits to Understand Self-Concepts of Chinese and American University Students." Visual Anthropology. 5 (1993): 245-269.
Kenney, Keith. "Photojournalism Education at Universities in China." Journalism Educator. 42 (Autumn 1987): 19-21.
Kenney, Keith. "Photographic Content in Chinese Newspapers." Gazette. 51 (1993): 149-169.
Kenney, Keith. "Influences of Politics and Economics Upon Photographic Content in Chinese Newspapers." Asian Journal of Communication. 3 (December 1993): 56-74.
Masayesva, Victor, Jr. and Erin Younger. Hopi Photographers, Hopi Images. (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1983).
McElroy, Keith. Early Peruvian Photography: A Critical Case Study. (Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1985).
Metallinos, Nikos, Robert Muffoletto, Rune Pettersson, J. Shaw, and Yasuo Takakuwa. "The Use of Verbo-Visual Information in Textbooks--A Cross-Cultural Experience." International Visual Literacy Association Intentional Symposium, University of London, 1990.
Michaels, Eric. "How to Look at Us Looking at the Yanomami Looking at Us." In Jay Ruby, (Ed.) A Crack in the Mirror. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982): 133-146.
Miller, R. J. "Cross-cultural Research in the Perception of Pictorial Materials." Psychological Bulletin. 80 (1973): 135-150.
Moriarty, Sandra. "Global Advertising and Visual Communication," Journal of Visual Literacy , 9 (1989): 58-69.
Moriarty, Sandra and Lisa Rohe. "Cultural Palettes: An Exercise in Sensitivity for Designers." Journalism Educator, 46:4 (Winter 1992: 32-37.
Mshelia, A. Y. and L. H. Lapidus. "Depth Picture Perception in Relation to Cognitive Style and Training in Non-Western Children." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 21 (1990): 414-433.
Myers, Fred R. "Truth, Beauty, and Pintupi Painting." Visual Anthropology. 2:2 (1989): 163-195.
Omari, I. and W. H. McGintie. "Some Pictorial Artifacts in Studies of African Children's Pictorial Depth Perception." Child Development. 45 (1974): 535-539.
Paulgaard, Cry and Toril Jenssen. "Film in the Social sciences of Tromso, Northern Norway." Visual Sociology. 1:2 (Fall 1986): 15-18.
Pettersson, Rune." Cultural Differences in the Perception of Image and Color in Pictures." Educational Communication and Technology Journal. 30 (1982): 43-53.
Pitseolak, Peter and Dorothy Eber. People from Our Side: An Eskimo Life Story in Words and Photographs. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1975).
Sauzier, Bertrand. "An Interpretation of 'Man With the Movie Camera'." Studies in Visual Communication 11:4 (Fall, 1985): 30-53.
Seagall, M. H., D. T. Campbell and M. J. Herskovits. The Influence of Culture on Visual Perception. (New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1966).
Serpell, R. and J. B. Deregowski. "The Skill of Pictorial Perception: An Interpretation of Cross-Cultural Evidence." International Journal of Psychology. 15 (1980): 145-180.
Sprague, Stephen. "How I See the Yoruba See Themselves." Studies in Visual Communication 5:1 (Fall, 1978): 9-28.
Sprague, Stephen. "Yoruba Photography: How the Yoruba See Themselves." African Arts. 12:1 (1978): 52-59, 107.
Stokrocki, Mary. "Through Navajo Children's Eyes: Cultural Influences on Representational Abilities." Visual Anthropology. 7:1 (1994): 47-67.
Viditz-Ward, Vera. "Photography in Sierra Leone, 1850-1918." Africa. 57:4 (1987): 510-517.
Worth, Sol and John Adair. Through Navajo Eyes: An Exploration of Film Communication and Anthropology. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1972).
Barry, Ann Marie. "Tailhook 'Top Guns': Visual Templates in the Use and Abuse of Power." Journal of Visual Literacy, 14 (1): 51-59.
Belk, Russell W. and Richard W. Pollay. "Images of Ourselves: The good Life in Twentieth Century Advertising." Journal of Consumer Research. 11 (March, 1985): 887-897.
Creaney, Anne Drolett, Richard A. Couch, Edward J. Caropreso. "Representation of Culture in Children's Picture Books." In Darrell G. Beauchamp, Roberts A. Braden, Robert E. Griffin. (Eds.) Imagery and Visual Literacy. Annual Conference Proceedings, 1995.
Davis, J. Francis. "The Power of Images. Media & Values. 57 (Winter, 1992): 4-6.
Drucker, Johanna. "Artists' Books and the Cultural Status of the Book." Journal of Communication. 44 (Winter, 1994): 12-42.
Durden, Joan S. "The Hollywood Icon of the Cowboy Hero." In Roberts A. Braden, Darrell G. Beauchamp, and Judy Clark Baca, (Eds.) Perceptions of Visual Literacy. 1989 Annual Conference Proceedings. 1990.
Ewen, Stuart. All Consuming Images--The Politics of Style in Contemporary Culture. (New York: Basic Books, 1988).
Goffman, Erving. Frame Analysis. New York: Harper & Row, 1974
Griffin, Michael. "The Millstone of Popular Culture: Competing with the Commercial Mass Production of Cultural Imagery." Visual Sociology, 8 (2): 21-27.
Gumpert, G. and R. Cathcart. "Media Grammars, Generations, and Media Gaps." Critical Studies in Mass Communication. 2 (1985): 23-25.
Hammel, William M. (Ed.) The Popular Arts in America: A Reader. (new York, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1972).
Hill, Ronald Paul. "AIDs and the Arts." In Marin E. Goldberg, Gerald Gorn, and Richard W. Pollay (Eds.). Advances in Consumer Behavior: Diversity in Consumer Behavior. Vol. 17 (1989): 294-297.
Morreale, Joanne. A New Beginning: A Textural Frame Analysis of the Political Campaign Film. (Albany NY: State University of New York Press, 1991).
Newcomb, Horace. Television: The Critical View. 4th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987)
Newcomb, Horace. TV: The Most Popular Art. (Garden City NY: Doubleday/Anchor Books, 1975).
Metallinos, Nikos. "Approaches to Visual Communication Media Criticism and Their Application to Television Genres." In Darrell G. Beauchamp, Roberts A. Braden, Robert E. Griffin. (Eds.) Imagery and Visual Literacy. Annual Conference Proceedings, 1995.
Smith, C. Zoe. "Audience Reception of Diane Arbus' Photographs: A Q-Study." Journal of American Culture (Spring, 1985): 13-38.
Snyder, Joel. "Picturing Vision." Critical Inquiry. 6 (1980): 499-526.
Spitzer, Leo. "American Advertising Explained as Popular Art." In Anna Hatcher, (Ed.) Essays on English and American Literature. (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 19662): 248-277.
Spring, Joel. "Managing Images: Civil Rights and the Anti-War Movement." Chapter. 12 in Images of American Life: A History of Ideological Management in Schools, Moves, Radio, and Television. (Albany NY: State University of New York Press, 1992)
Thoman, Elizabeth. "Rise of the Image Culture: Re-Imagining the American Dream." Media & Values. 57 (Winter, 1992): 7-10.
Zettl, Herb. "The Language of Television: The Language of Television Criticism." Broadcast Education Association Annual Conference, Washington D.C., 1978.
Franz, Karen. "Ideology and the Media: Local Television Coverage on the 'Fall of the Berlin Wall' in the United States,"Visual Sociology 8 (1): 2-15."
Goldman, Robert, and Gloria Lester Beeker. "Decoding Newsphotos: An Analysis of Embedded Ideological Values." Humanity and Society 9 (August, 1985): 351-363.
Hall, Stuart. "Signification, Representation, Ideology: Althusser and the Post-Structuralist Debates." Critical Studies in Mass Communication. 62 (1985): 91-114.
Kenney, Keith. "Ideology and Press Photographs: A Framework for Analysis." Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Convention, Portland, 1988.
Kinder, Marsha. "Music Video and the Spectator: Television, Ideology, and Dream." In Horace Newcomb. Television: The Critical View. 4th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987)
Lewis, Charles. "Images and Ideology: A Theoretical Framework for Critical Research in Visual Literacy," Journal of Visual Literacy 11 (Autumn), 1991: 10-34.
Nichols, B. Ideology and the Image: Social Representation in the Cinema and Other Media. (Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press, 1981).
Wernick, A. Promotional Culture: Advertising, Ideology and Symbolic Expression. (Newbury Park CA: Sage Publications, 1991).
Wolf, Bryan. "All the World's a Code: Art and Ideology in Nineteenth-Century American Painting." Art Journal. 44 (Winter, 1984): 328-337.
IX B2. Gender & Racial Issues / Stereotyping
Atkin, David and Marilyn Fife. "The Role of Race and Gender as Determinants of Local TV News Coverage." Howard Journal of Communication. (Fall/Winter 1993/94): 123-137.
Armstrong, Carol M. "Edgar Degas and the Female body." In Susan R. Suleiman (Ed.) The Female Body in Western Culture. (Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1986): 223-242.
Artz, Nancy and Alladi Venkatesh. "Gender Representation in Advertising." In Rebecca H. Holman and Michael H. Solomon (Eds.) Advances in Consumer Research. Vol. 18 (1990): 618-623.
Berg, Charles Ramirez. "Stereotyping in Films in General and of the Hispanic in Particular." Howard Journal of Communication. 2 (1990): 286-300.
Betterton, Rosemary. "How Do Women Look: The Female Nude in the Work of Suzanne Valadon." In Hilary Robinson (Ed.) Visibly Female: Feminism and Art-- An Anthology. (New York: Universe Books, 1988): 250-271.
Biren, Joan E. "Lesbian Photography--Seeing Through Our Own Eyes." Studies in Visual Communication. 9:2 (Spring 1981): 81-96.
Butler, Rebecca P. and Ann Devaney. "Gender Perceptions in Instructional Technology." Journal of Visual Literacy. 14:1 (Spring, 1994): 11-34.
Condron, Linda, Patricia O'Riley, Suzanne Damarin. "Women and the Discourses of the Visual: Where are Women in this Picture?" In Darrel G. Beauchamp, Roberts A. Braden, Judy Clark Baca (Eds.) Visual Literacy in the Digital Age. IVLA Conference Proceedings, 1994.
Couch, Richard A. "Gender Equity & Visual Literacy: Schools Can Help Change Perceptions." In Darrell G. Beauchamp, Roberts A. Braden, Robert E. Griffin. (Eds.) Imagery and Visual Literacy. Annual Conference Proceedings, 1995.
Damarin, Suzanne K. "The Ascendancy of the Visual and Issues of Gender: Equality Versus Difference." Journal of Visual Literacy. 13:2 (Autumn, 1993): 61-71.
Devaney, Ann and Alejandra Elenes. "Square One Television and Gender." In Roberts A. Braden, Darrell G. Beauchamp, and Judy Clark Baca, (Eds.) Perceptions of Visual Literacy. 1989 Annual Conference Proceedings. 1990.
Dyer, Richard. Now You See It: Studies on Lesbian and Gay Film (New York: Routledge, 1990).
Dyer, Richard. (Ed.) Gays and Film (New York: Zoetrope, 1984).
Dyer, Richard. "Seen to Be Believed: Some Problems in the Representation of Gay People as Typical." Studies in Visual Communication 9:2( (Spring, 1983): 2-19.
Elterman, H. "Using Films to Teach Gender Roles: Three Theoretical Approaches.:" Journal of Visual/Verbal Languaging. 5:1 (1985): 29-42.
Entman, Robert M. "Blacks in the News: Television, Modern Racism and Cultural Change." Journalism Quarterly. 69:2 (Summer 1992): 341-361.
Friedman, Lester D. Unspeakable Images: Ethnicity and the American Cinema. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991).
Gamian, L. and M. Marshment (Eds.). The Female Gaze. (London: The Women's Press, 1988).
Goffman, Erving. Gender Advertisements. New York: Harper & Row, 1979.
Hagan, Tracey D. "Drawn by Desire: A Study of the Female Image in Modern Art History." In John Deely and Terry Prewitt (Eds.) Semiotics 1991. (Lanham, NY: University Press of America, 1993).
Hooks, Bell. Black Looks: Race and Representation. (Boston: south End Press, 1992).
Kenrick, Douglas T. and Sarra E. Gutierres. "Contrast Effects and Judgments of Physical Attractiveness: When Beauty Becomes a Social Problem." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 38 (January, 1980): 131-140.
Kervin, Denise. "Gender Ideology in Television Commercials." In Leah R. Vande Berg and Lawrence A. Wenner. (Eds.) Television Criticism. (New York: Longman, 1991).
Kervin, Denise. "Advertising Masculinity: The Representation of Males in Esquire Advertisements. Journal of Communication Inquiry. 14 (1990): 51-69.
Kervin, Denise. "Gender Coding in Magazine Advertisements." Journal of Visual/Verbal Languaging. 7:1 (1987): 52-59.
Leibowitz, Flo. "A Note on Feminist Theories of Representation: Questions Concerning the Autonomy of Art." The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism. 48 (Fall, 1990): 361-364.
Lester, Paul, ed. Images That Injure forthcoming.
Lester, Paul. "African-American Photo Coverage in Four U.S. Newspapers, 1937-1990." Journalism Quarterly. 71 (Summer, 1994): 380-394.
McNally, Coleen and Arnold S. Wolfe. In Darrel G. Beauchamp, Judy Clark Baca and Roberts Braden (Eds.) "Deconstructing Images: Understanding the Role of Images in the Social Production of Meaning." In Investigating Visual Literacy, IVLA Conference Proceedings, 1990: 291-300.
Muffoletto, Robert. "Representations: You, Me, and Them." In Moore, David and Francis Dwyer, eds. Visual Literacy: A Spectrum of Visual Learning. Englewood Cliffs NJ: (Educational Technology Publications, 1994): 295-310.
Mulvey, Laura. "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema," Screen 16 (Autumn 1975): 6-18.
Mulvey, Laura. Visual and Other Pleasures. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989.
Parker, Rozsika and Griselda Pollock. Old Mistresses: Women, Art and Ideology. (New York: Pantheon, 1981.)
Pollock, Griselda. Vision and Difference: Femininity, Feminism, and Histories of Art. (New York: Routledge 1988).
Prather, J.M and M. J. Einerson. "Jill in a Box: Figure-Ground Differences in Magazine Advertisement Photographs." Speech Communication Association, 1994, New Orleans, LA.
Rakow, Lana F. and Kimberlie Kranich. "Woman as Sign in Television News." Journal of Communication. 41:1 (Winter, 1991): 8-23.
Rakow, Lana F. "Don't Hate Me Because I'm Beautiful: Feminist Resistance to Advertising's Irresistible Meanings." Southern Communication Journal. 57:2 (Winter, 1992): 132-142.
Richins, Marsha L. "Social Comparison and the Idealized Images of Advertising." Journal of Consumer Research. 18 (June 1991): 71-83.
Ruffo, M.M. "Changing Advertising Images: The 'Male Gaze' Turns on Itself." Speech Communication Association, 1992, Chicago, Il.
Russo, Vito. The Celluloid Closet: Homosexuality in the Movies. 2nd ed. (New York: Harper, 1987).
Scott, Linda. "Fresh Lipstick: A New Look at Images of Women in Advertising." Media Studies Journal. 7:1-2 (Winter/Spring, 1993): 141-156.
Seiter, Ellen. "Stereotypes and the Media: A Re-evaluation." Journal of Communication. 36 (1986): 14-26.
Walker, Alice. "Giving the Party: Aunt Jemima, Mammy, and the Goddess Within." MS. (May/June 1994): 22-25.
Warlaumont, Hazel G. "Visual Grammars of Gender: The Gaze and Psychoanalytic Theory in Advertisements." Journal of Communication Inquiry. (Spring, 1993): 4-19.
IX B3. Ethics/Social Responsibility
Ahlhauser, John. "A History of Photojournalism Ethics." In Paul M. Lester (Ed.) The Ethics of Photojournalism. (Durham: National Press Photographers Association, 1990): 2-5.
Bailey, George A. and Lawrence W. Lichty. "Rough Justice on a Saigon Street: A Gatekeeper Study of NBC's Tet Execution Film." Journalism Quarterly. 49 (Summer, 1972): 221-225.
Baker, Robert L. "Portraits of a Public Suicide; Photo Treatment by Selected Pennsylvania Dailies." Newspaper Research Journal 9 (Summer 1988): 13-23.
Beckman, Rich. "Research on Photojournalism Ethics." In Paul M. Lester (Ed.) The Ethics of Photojournalism. (Durham: National Press Photographers Association, 1990): 80-93.
Becker, Howard S. "Foreword: Images, Ethics, and Organizations." In Larry Gross, John S. Katz, and Jay Ruby (Eds.) Image Ethics: The Moral Rights of Subjects in Photographs, Film and Television. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990):xi-xvii.
Beloff, Halla. "Social Interaction in Photographing." Leonardo. 16:3 (Summer 1983): 165-171.
Boorstin, Daniel J. The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America. (New York: Harper & Row, 1961).
Bossen, Howard. "Zone V: Photojournalism, Ethics, and the Electronic Age." Studies in Visual Communication. 11:3 (1985): 22-32.
Brink, Ben. "Question of Ethics: Where Does Honesty in Photojournalism Begin?" News Photographer (June 1988): 21-33.
Brown, Cindy. "They Do It Differently in Canada: How Law Enforcement Agents Seek Photographic Evidence from Media Outlets." Visual Communication Quarterly. 1 (Winter, 1994): 6-7.
Brown, Jennifer E. "News Photographers and the Pornography of Grief." Journal of Mass Media Ethics. 2 (Spring/Summer 1987): 75-81.
Braun, Joseph A. Jr. "Recognizing Bias: A Visual Literacy Lesson From Beijing." In Darrell G. Beauchamp, Judy Clark Baca and Roberts Braden (Ed.) Investigating Visual Literacy. IVLA Conference Proceedings, 1990 : 367-373.
Bryant, Garry. "10-50 P.I.: Emotion and the Photographer." Journal of Mass Media Ethics. 2 (Spring/Summer 1987): 32-39.
Coleman, A. D. "Private Lives, Public Places: Street Photography Ethics." Journal of Mass Media Ethics. 2:2 (1987): 60-66.
Craig, Robert L. "Universal Pragmatics: A Critical Approach to Image Ethics." In Darrell G. Beauchamp, Roberts A. Braden, Robert E. Griffin. (Eds.) Imagery and Visual Literacy. Annual Conference Proceedings, 1995.
Eaton, Marcia. "Truth in Pictures." Columbia University Forum 9 (1966): 1, 27-31.
Fiedler, Fred, Tim Counts and Paul Hightower. "Changes in Wording of Cutlines Fail to Reduce Photographs' Offensiveness." Journalism Quarterly. 59 (Winter, 1982): 633-637.
Gold, Steven J. "Ethical Issues in Visual Field Work," In Grant Blank, James L. McCartney, Edward Brent (Eds.) Practical Applications in Research and Work (New Brunswick: Transaction Publications, 1989): 99-107.
Goodwin, H. Eugene. "That's Shocking," In Groping for Ethics in Journalism. (Ames Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1987.)
Gross, Larry. "The Ethics of (Mis)representation." In Larry Gross, John S. Katz, and Jay Ruby (Eds.) Image Ethics: The Moral Rights of Subjects in Photographs, Film and Television. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990): 188-202.
Hansen, C., C. Needham, and Bill Nichols. "Pornography, Ethnography, and the Discourse of Power." In Bill Nichols (Ed.) Representing Reality: Issues and Concepts in Documentary. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991): 201-228.
Hartley, Craig. H. "Ethical Newsgathering Values of the Public and Press Photographers." Journalism Quarterly. 60:2 (1983): 301-305.
Henderson, Lisa. "Access and Consent in Public Photography." In Larry Gross, John S. Katz, and Jay Ruby (Eds.) Image Ethics: The Moral Rights of Subjects in Photographs, Film and Television. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990): 91-107.
Jay, Bill. "The Photographer as Aggressor." In David Featherstone (Ed.) Observations Essays on Documentary Photography, (Carmel: The Friends of Photography, 1984): 7-23.
Kochersberger, Robert C. "Survey of Suicide Photos Use in Newspapers in Three States." Newspaper Research Journal. 9 (Summer 1988): 1-12.
Lester, Paul. Photojournalism: An Ethical Approach. (Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1991).
Lester, Paul (Ed.). The Ethics of Photojournalism. (Durham: National Press Photographers Association, 1990).
Lester, Paul and Ron Smith. "African-American Photo Coverage in Life, Newsweek and Time, 1937-1988."Journalism Quarterly, 67 (Spring, 1990): 128-136.
Lester, Paul. "Computer Aids Instruction in Photojournalism Ethics." Journalism Educator. 44:2 (Summer, 1989): 13-17, 49.
Lester, Paul. "Photojournalism Ethics: Timeless Issues." In Michael Emery and Ted Smythe (Eds.) Customized Readings in Mass Communication. (Dubuque, IA: WCB: Brown and Benchmark, 1995).
Lester, Paul. "Military Censorship of Photographs." In Philip Patterson and Lee Wilkins (Eds.), Media Ethics: Issues and Cases. (Dubuque IA: WCB: Brown and Benchmark, 1995).
Lester, Paul (Ed.). Images That Injure: Pictorial Stereotypes in the Media. (Westport CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1998).
Linton, James. "'Smile You're on Candid Camera': Some Ethical Issues in Visual Research." First International Conference on Visual Sociology, Windsor, Ontario, 1983.
MacDougall, Curtis D. News Pictures Fit to Print. . . Or Are They? (Stillwater, OK: Journalistic Services, 1971).
Marshall, Ernest C. "Artistic Convention and the Issue of Truth in Art." The Journal of Aesthetic Education. 23 (Fall 1989): 301-305.
Martin, Edwin. "The Rights of Those Pictured." In Paul M. Lester (Ed.) The Ethics of Photojournalism. (Durham: National Press Photographers Association, 1990): 28-34.
Michaels, Eric. "A Primer of Restrictions on Picture-Taking in Traditional Areas of Aboriginal Australia." Visual Anthropology. 4:4 (1991): 259-275.
Myers, Philip N. Jr. and Frank Biocca, "The Elastic Body Image: The Effect of Television Advertising and Programming on Body Image Distortions on Young Women." Journal of Communication. 43:3 (Summer 1992): 108-133.
Newton, Julianne. "Why Ethics?" In Paul M. Lester (Ed.) The Ethics of Photojournalism. (Durham: National Press Photographers Association, 1990): 6-9.
O'Brien. "Eye on Soweto: A Study of Factors in News Photo Use." Journal of Mass Media Ethics. 3: 2 (1991): 69-87.
Padgett, George. "Codes Should Address Exploitation of Grief by Photographers." Journal of Mass Media Ethics. 1:1 (Fall/Winter 1985/86): 50-56.
Pinney, C. "Other People's Bodies, Lives, Histories? Ethical Issues in the Use of a Photographic Archive." Journal of Museum Ethnography. 1 (1989): 57-68.
Parsons, P. and W. Smith. "R. Budd Dwyer: A Case Study in Newsroom Decision Making." Journal of Mass Media Ethics. 3:1 (1988): 84-94.
Roskill, Mark and David Carrier, Truth and Falsehood in Visual Images, (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1983).
Ruby, Jay. The Ethics of Image Making." In A. Rosenthal (Ed.). Documentary Challenge. (Berkeley: The University of California Press, 1987).
Rynkiewitch, Michal A. and James P. Spradley, (Eds.) Ethics and Anthropology, Dilemmas in Fieldwork. (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1976).
Sanders, B. "Invasion of Privacy...Your Decision or Theirs?" News Photographer. (March, 19896): 12-13.
Schwartz, Dona. "To Tell the Truth: Codes of Objectivity in Photojournalism." Communication. 13:2 (1992): 95-109.
Sherer, Michael. "Manipulating 'Forrest Gump.' Single Code of Ethics Would Better Serve Press, Public." Quill. November/December, 1994: 34.
Smith, Conrad. "Oiled Otters, File Footage and Visual Symbolism: A Case Study in the Ethics of Television News." Visual Communication 5, Breckenridge CO, 1991.
Steele, Robert M. "Video Ethics: The Dilemma of Value Balancing." Journal of Mass Media Ethics 2. (Spring/Summer 1987): 7-17.
Viera, John D. "Images as Property." In Larry Gross, John S. Katz, and Jay Ruby (Eds.) Image Ethics: The Moral Rights of Subjects in Photographs, Film and Television. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990): 135-162.
Wischmann, Lesley. "Dying on the Front Page: Kent State and the Pulitzer Prize." Journal of Mass Media Ethics. 2:2 (Sprint/Summer, 1987): 67-74.
Zemp, Hugo. "Ethical Issues in Ethnomusicological Filmmaking." Visual Anthropology. 3:1 (1990): 49-64.
Brand, S., K. Kelly, and J. Kinney. "Digital Retouching: The End of Photography as Evidence of Anything." Whole Earth Review. (July, 1985): 42-49.
Harris, Christopher R. "Digitalization and Manipulation of News Photographs." Journal of Mass Media Ethics. 6 (1991): 164-174.
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Kelly, James E. and Diona Nace. "Digital Imaging and Believing Photos." Visual Communication Quarterly. 1 (Winter 1994): 4-5, 18.
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