Allan, David W. "Aural-Visual-Kinesthetic Imagery in Motion Media." In Roberts Braden, Judy Clark Baca, Darrell Beauchamp (Eds.) Art , Science. and Visual Literacy (Blacksburg, VA: The International Visual Literacy Association, Inc., 1993).
Baggett, P. "Role of Temporal Overlap of Visual and Auditory Material in Forming Dual Media Associations." Journal of Educational Psychology. 76 (1984): 408-417.
Fletcher, James E. "Assessment of the Visual Image in Film, Television and the New Visual Media: Research Design," in Nikos Metallinos, (Ed.) Verbo-Visual Literacy, International IVLA Symposium Conference Proceedings, Delphi Greece, 1993.
Kaha, C.W. "Towards a Syntax of Motion." Critical Studies in Mass Communication. 10 (1993): 339-348.
Madsen, Roy Paul . The Impact of Film: How Ideas Are Communicated Through Cinema and Television. (NY: Macmillan, 1973)
Pryluck, Calvin. Sources of Meaning in Motion Pictures and Television.. (New York: Arno Press, 1976.)
Tiemens, R. K. "Some Relationships of Camera Angles to Communication Credibility." Journal of Broadcasting. 17 (1970): 353-362.
Arnheim, Rudolf. Film As Art. (Berkeley CA: University of California Press, 1966).
Balazs, Bela. Theory of the Film: Character and Growth of a New Art, New York: Dover, 1970;.
Bazin, Andre. 1867. What Is Cinema? Vol. 1. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.
Bazin, Andre. "The Ontology of the Photographic Image." In What is Cinema?, trans. Hugh Gray (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967).
Boggs, Joseph M. The Art of Watching Films. 2nd ed. (Mountain View CA: Mayfield, 1985)
Bordwell, David and Kristin Thompson. Film Art: An Introduction, 2nd ed. New York: Knopf, 1986.
Braudy, Leo. The World in a Frame: What We See in Films. Garden City NY: Anchor Books, 1977).
Carroll, John. Toward a Structural Psychology of Cinema. (The Hague: Mouton, 1980).
Chatman, Seymour B. "What is Description in the Cinema?" Cinema Journal. 23 (Summer, 1984): 4-11.
Davies, R. A., J. M. Farrell and S. S. Mathews. "The Dream World of Film: A Jungian Perspective of Cinematic Communication." Western Journal of Speech. 46 (1982): 326-343.
Eisenstein, Sergei. Film Form. (New York: Harcourt Brace Javanovich, 1949).
Eisenstein, Sergei. The Film Sense. Rev. ed. (New York: Harcourt Brace Javanovich, 1975).
Giannetti, L.D. Understanding Movies. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1972).
Hochberg, Julian and V. Brooks. "The Perception of Motion Pictures." In E. C. Carterette and M. P. Friedman (Eds.) Handbook of Perception, Vol. 10. (New York: Academic Press, 1978).
Jesionowski, J. E. Thinking in Pictures: Dramatic Structure in D. W. Griffith's Biograph Films. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987).
Kawin, B. How Movies Work. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992).
Linton, James and G. Jowett. Movies as Mass Communication. 2nd ed (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1989).
Mayne, J. Cinema and Spectatorship. (New York: Routledge, 1993).
Messaris, Paul. "The Film Audience's Awareness of the Production Process." Journal of the University Film Association. 33 (1981): 53-56.
Montagu, Ivor. Film World: A Guide to Cinema. (Baltimore MD: Penguin Books, 1967)
Sauzier, Bertrand. "An Interpretation of 'Man with the Movie Camera'." Studies in Visual communication 11:2 (Fall, 1985): 30-53.
Stephenson, Ralph and J.R. Debrix. The Cinema as Art. (Baltimore MD: Penguin Books, 1969.
Antin, David. "Video: The Distinctive Features of the Medium." In Ira Schneider and Beryl Korot (Eds.) Video Art: An Anthology. (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976): 180.
Aufderheide, Patricia. "Vernacular Video." Columbia Journalism Review. (January/February 1995): 46-48.
Baggaley, J. P., M. Ferguson and F. Brooks. Psychology of the TV Image. (New York: Praeger, 1980)
Banks, Anna. "Frontstage/Backstage: Loss of Control in Real-Time Coverage of the War in the Gulf." Visual Communication 5, Breckenridge, 1991; Also in Communication. 13:2 (1992); 111-119.
Barbatsis, Gretchen and Yvette Guy. "Analyzing Meaning in Form: Soap Opera's Compositional Construction of 'Realness." Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 35 (Winter, 1991): 59-74.
Barbatsis, Gretchen, Keith Kenney and Lori Owen. "Television Program Logos: Pictorially Encoding Storytelling Themes." Speech Communication Association Conference, Boston, November 1986.
Barker, David. "'It's Been Real': Forms of Television Representation." Critical Studies in Mass Communication. 5:1 (March, 1988): 42-56.
Carey, James W. (Ed.) Media, Myths, and Narratives: Television and the Press. Newbury Park CA: Sage, 1988).
Collins, W. A. and M. Wiens. "Cognitive Processes in Television Viewing: Description and Strategic Implications." In M. Pressley and J. R. Levin (Eds.) Cognitive Strategy Research: Psychological Foundations. (New York: Spinger-Verlag, 1983): 79-201.
Ellis, John. "Broadcast TV as Sound and Image." In John Corner and Jeremy Hawthorne, (Eds.), Communication Studies. (London: Edward Arnold, 3rd ed. 1989).
Feuer, Jane. "The MTM Style." In Horace Newcomb. Television: The Critical View. 4th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987)
Fiske, J. and J. Hartley. Reading Television. London: Metheum, 1978)
Gitlin, Todd. (Ed). Watching Television. (New York: Pantheon Books, 1987.
Hazard, Patrick D. (Ed.) TV as Art. Champaign IL: National Council of Teachers of English, 1966).
Himmelstein, Hal. Television Myth and the American Mind. (New York: Praeger, 1984)
Kaminsky, Stuart with Jeffrey H. Mahan. American Television Genres. (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1984).
Kinder, Marsha. "Music Video and the Spectator: Television, Ideology, and Dream." Film Quarterly, 38 (Autumn, 1984): 2-15.
Kipper, Phil. 'Television Camera Movement as a Source of Perceptual Information." Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media. 30 (1986).
Metallinos, Nikos. "Visual Literacy: Suggested Theories for the Study of Television Pictures Perception." Journal of Visual Literacy, 12 (Spring 1992): 57-72.
Metallinos, Nikos. "Three Dimensional Video: Perceptual and Aesthetic Drawbacks." In Roberts A. Braden, Darrell G. Beauchamp, and Judy Clark Baca, (Eds.) Perceptions of Visual Literacy. 1989 Annual Conference Proceedings. 1990.
Metallinos, Nikos. "Computerized Television: New Developments in Television Production Techniques." Journal of Verbal Visual Languaging 7 (1987): 21-32.
Metallinos, Nikos. "Empirical Studies of Television Composition." In J.R. Dominick and J.C. Fletcher (Eds.) Broadcasting Research Methods. (Warton, MA: Allyn & Bacon, 1985)
Metallinos, Nikos "The Idiosyncracies of Television: An Overall View. Journal of Visual Verbal Languaging. 5 (1985): 41-43.
Metallinos, Nikos. "Composition of the Television Picture: Some Hypotheses to Test the Forces Operating Within the Television Screen." Educational Communication and Technology Journal. 27 (1979): 205-214.
Metallinos, Nikos. "Asymmetry of the Screen: The Effect of Left Versus Right Placement of Television Images." Journal of Broadcasting. 21 (1977): 21-33.
Olson, Alan M., Christopher Parr, and Debra Parr. Video Icons & Values. (Albany NY: State University of New York Press, 1991)
Robinson, R. S. "Comprehension of Narrative Television: Factors of Visual Literacy." Journal of Visual/Verbal Languaging. 8:1 (1988): 68-73.
Schwartz, Dona. "Superbowl XXVI: Reflections on the Manufacture of Appearance." Visual Sociology, 8 (1): 23-33.
Vande Berg, Leah R. and Lawrence A. Wenner. (Eds.) Television Criticism. (New York: Longman, 1991).
X A3. Film / TV Aesthetics / Language of Film
Barker, David. "Television Production Techniques as Communication." Critical Studies in Mass Communication. 2:3 (September, 1985): 234-246; Also in Horace Newcomb. Television: The Critical View. 4th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987)
Carey, John. "Conventions and Meaning in Film." In Film Culture: Explorations of Cinema in Its Social Context. Sari Thomas, ed. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 110-125.
Cook, Russell. "The Phenomenology of Zettl's Television Space," Fifth Annual Visual Communication Conference, Breckenridge CO, 1991.
D'Agostino, P. (Ed.) Transmission: Theory and Practice for a New Television Aesthetic. (New York: Tanam Press, 1985)
Degge, R. M. "A Model for Visual Aesthetic Inquiry in Television. The Journal of Aesthetic Education. 19 (1985): 85-102.
Frith, Uta and Jocelyn Robson. "Perceiving the Language of Films." Perception. 4 (1975): 97-103.
Gibbs, William J. and Robert E. Griffin. "Visual Effects in Video Production and Their Effect on Attitude and Cognition," In Judy Clark Baca, Darrel G. Beauchamp and Roberts N. Braden (Eds.) Visual Communication: Bridging Across Cultures. Proceedings of the IVLA Conference, 1991.
Hedges, I. Breaking the Frame: Film Language and the Experience of Limits. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991).
Hobbs, R., R. Frost, A. Davis, and J. Stauffer. "How First-Time viewers Comprehend Editing Conventions." Journal of Communication. 38 (Autumn, 1988): 50-60.
Hochberg, Julian and V. Brooks. "Film Cutting and Visual Momentum." In R. A. Monty and J. W. Senders (Eds.) Eye Movement and Psychological Processes, II. (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1978).
Hundley, Heather. "Seinfeld and Ellen: Is There a Significant Difference? A Content Analysis of Framing, Shot Type and Screen Depth." Visual Communication 9, Flagstaff AZ, 1995.
Huston, Aletha C. John C. Wright, Ellen Wartella, Mabel L. Rice, B.A. Watkins, T. Campbell, and R. Potts. "Communicating More Than Content: Formal Features of Children's Television Programs." Journal of Communication 31 (Summer, 1981): 32-48.
McCain, T.A., J. Chilberg and J. Wakshlag. "The Effect of Camera Angle on Source Credibility and Attraction." Journal of Broadcasting. 17 (1977): 35-46.
Metallinos, Nikos. "Television Aesthetics in Education." Educational Technology. 31 (1991): 48-53.
Metallinos, Nikos. "Perceptual Factors in the Study of Television Aesthetics." In J.D. Baca, D.G. Beauchamp, and R. A. Braden (Eds.). Visual Communications: Bridging Across Cultures. (Blacksburg, VA: The International Visual Literacy Association, 1992).
Monaco, James. How to Read a Film. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1977).
Newcomb, Horace. "Toward a Television Aesthetic." In Horace Newcomb. Television: The Critical View. 4th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987)
Spottiswoode, R. A Grammar of the Film: An Analysis of Film Technique. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1950).
Tarroni, E. "The Aesthetics of Television." In H. Newcomb. (Ed.) Television: The Critical view. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1979).
Thorburn, David. "Television as an Aesthetic Medium." In James W. Carey (Ed.) Media, Myths, and Narratives: Television and the Press. Newbury Park CA: Sage, 1988).
Zettl, Herb. "A Rare Case of Television Aesthetics." Journal of the University Film Association. 30 (1978): 3-8.
Zettl, H. "Toward a Multi-Screen Television Aesthetic: Some Structural Considerations." Journal of Broadcasting. 21 (1977): 5-19.
Zettl, Herb. Sight, Sound, Motion: Applied Media Aesthetics. 2nd. ed. (Belmont CA: Wadsworth, 1990).
Barry, Ann Marie. "Reading the Television Political Documentary: A Retrospective Look at the Interaction of Visual and Verbal Content and Rhetoric of "Teddy, '" British Film Institute and International Visual Literacy Association Symposium, London, July, 1990.
Brooks, Virginia Loring. "Why Dance Films do Not Look Right: A Study in the Nature of the Documentary of Movement as Visual Communication." Studies in Visual Communication. 10:2 (Spring 1984): 44-67.
Corner, John. (Ed.) Documentary and the Mass Media. (London: Edward Arnold, 1986).
Himmelstein, Hal. "Television News and the Television Documentary." In Horace Newcomb. Television: The Critical View. 4th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987)
Linton, James M. "Documentary Film Research's Unrealized Potential in the Communication field." Communication. 13:2 (1992): 85-93.
Linton, James. "The Moral Dimension in Documentary." Journal of the University Film Association. 28:2 (Spring, 1976): 17-22.
Linton, James. "The 'Reel World" of the Courtroom: An Analysis of a Television Documentary About a Murder Trial." Canadian Communication Association Conference, 1988.
Richter, Richard. "Producing Documentaries for Network Television." Studies in Visual Communication. 8:1 (Winter, 1982): 55-60.
Rosenthal, Alan. "Documentary Film on Television: An Introduction." Studies in Visual Communication. 8:1 (Winter, 1982): 2-6.
Salcedo, A. "The Uses of Documentary Film" Journal of Visual Verbal Languaging 7:2 (1987): 46-60.
Snyder, Joel. "Documentary Without Ontology." Studies in Visual Communication. 10:1 (Winter, 1984): 78-95.
Barry, A. M. and Am Leaver. "Literature and Television Production: 1984 Newscast Project--An Interdisciplinary Project Based on the Power of Visual and Verbal Language. Journal of Visual Literacy. 10:1 (1990): 75-98.
Brosius, Hans-Bernd. "The Effects of Emotional Pictures in Television News." Communication Research. 20:1 (February, 1993): 105-124.
Brosius, Hans-Bernd. "Format Effects on Comprehension of Television News." Journalism Quarterly. 68:3 (Autumn, 1991): 396-401.
Coon, Stephen and Eric Hing-Tat Tse. "Negativity and Visualization as Criteria for News Selection in Local Television Newscasts." Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Conference, Boston, MA, 1991.
Donsbach, Wolfgang, Hans-Bernd Brosius and Axel Mattenklott. "How Unique is the Perspective of Television? A Field Experiment on the Perception of a Campaign Event by Participants and Television Viewers." Political Communication. 10:1 (January/March, 1993): 37-53.
Doremus, Mark E. "The Use of Visuals to Clarify Ambiguous Verbal Information in a Television News Story." Journal of Visual Literacy. 12:1 (Spring, 1991);23-34.
Drew, Dan G. and Thomas Grimes. "Audio-visual Redundancy and TV News Recall." Communication Research. 14:4 (August, 1987): 452-461.
Edwardson, M., D. Grooms, and P. Pringle. "Visualization and TV News Information Gain." Journal of Broadcasting 20 (1976): 373-380.
Ericson, Richard, Patricia Baranek and Janet Chan. "Visualizing the News." In John Corner and Jeremy Hawthorn (Eds.) Communication Studies. London: Edward Arnold, 3rd ed. 1989.
Foote, Joe S. and Ann C. Saunders. "Graphic Forms in Network Television News." Journalism Quarterly, 67 (Autumn 1990): 501-507.
Frank, Robert. "The 'Grammar of Film' in Television News." Journalism Quarterly. 51 (1973): 245-250.
Gorney, Carole. "Numbers Versus Pictures: Did Network Television Sensationalize Chernobyl Coverage?" Journalism Quarterly, 69 (Summer 1992),: 455-465.
Graber, Doris. "Seeing is Remembering: How Visuals Contribute to Learning from Television News. " Journal of Communication. 40 (1990): 134-155.
Griffin, Michael. "Looking at TV News: Strategies for Research." Communication. 13:2 (1992): 121-141.
Grimes, Thomas. "Mild Auditory-visual Dissonance in Television News May Exceed Viewer Attentional Capacity." Human Communication Research. 18:2 (December, 1991): 268-298.
Gunter, B. "Remembering Television News: Effects of Picture Content." Journal of General Psychology. 102 (1980): 127-133.
Kepplinger, Hans. "Visual Bias in Television Campaign Coverage." Journalism Quarterly. 57 (1980): 432-446.
Kunz, William. "Network News and the Myths of the Vietnam War." Visual Communication Quarterly. 1 (Winter, 1994): 10-12.
Kellner, Douglas. The Persian Gulf TV War. (Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1992).
Lewis, Charles. "Exploring Context in the Viewing of Local TV News." In Darrel G. Beauchamp, Roberts A. Braden, Judy Clark Baca (Eds.) Visual Literacy in the Digital Age. IVLA Conference Proceedings, 1994.
Mandell, L. M. and Shaw, D. L. "Judging People in the News--Unconsciously: Effect of Camera Angle and Bodily Activity." Journal of Broadcasting. 17 (1973): 353-362.
Newhagen, John and Byron Reeves. "The Evenings' Bad News: Effects of Compelling Negative Television News Images on Memory." Journal of Communication 42 (Spring, 1992): 25-41.
Slattery, Karen F. "Visual Information in Viewer Interpretation and Evaluation of Television News Stories." Journal of Visual Literacy. 10:1 (Spring, 1990): 26-44.
Smith, Conrad. "Visual Symbols of Disasters in Network TV News." Visual Communication 6, Flagstaff AZ, 1991.
Zettl, Herbert. "The Graphication and Personification of Television News." In Gary Burns and Robert J. Thompson (Eds.) Television Studies: Textual Analysis. (New York: Praeger, 1989): 137-163.
Aufderheide, Pat. "Music Videos: The Look of the Sound." In Todd Gitlin. (Ed). Watching Television. (New York: Pantheon Books, 1987.
Baxter, Richard L., Cynthia De Riermer, Ann Landini, Larry Leslie, and Michael W. Singletary. "A Content Analysis of Music Videos." Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media. 29:3 (Summer, 1985): 333-340.
Maher, Daniel R. "MTV and Sesame Street: Visual Images and Language," In Darrell G. Beauchamp, Judy Clark Baca and Roberts A. Braden, (Eds.) Investigating Visual Literacy . IVLA Conference Proceedings, 1990:145-150.
Sherman, Barry L. "Perceiving and Processing Music Television." In Jennings Bryant and Dolf Zilman (Eds.) Responding to the Screen. (Hillsdale NJ: Erlbaum, 1991)
Signorelli, Nancy, Douglas McLeod and Elaine Healy. "Gender Stereotypes in MTV Commercials: The Beat Goes On." Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. 38 (Winter 1994): 91-101.
Voelker, David H. and Gary R. Pettey. "Schema-Triggered Cognitive and Affective Response to Music: Applying an Information-Processing Model to Rock 'N' Roll." Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Convention, Washington D.C., 1989.
Willinsky, J. M. "The Rock Video: A New Frontier for Visual Literacy." Journal of Visual Verbal Languaging. 5:2 (1985): 43-48.
X A7. New Media / Multi-Media / Virtual Media
Bell, David. An Introduction to Cybercultures. London, New York: Routledge, 2001.
Bolter, Jay David and Richard Grusin . Remediation: Understanding New Media. Cambridge (Massachusetts), London (England): The MIT Press, 2002 [1999].
Borger, G. Ferwerda. The World of 3-D: A Practical Guide to Stereo Photography. 2nd ed. (The Netherlands: 3-D Book Publication, 1987).
Braden, R. A. and J. F. Moore. "Interactive Video: A Delivery System for Electronic Imagery." Journal of Visual Verbal Languaging. 3:2: 55-60.
Horibuchi, Seiji. (Ed.) Stereograms. (San Francisco: Cadence, 1994).
Jaber, William E. and Feng Hou. "Visual Resources on the Internet." In Darrell G. Beauchamp, Roberts A. Braden, Robert E. Griffin. (Eds.) Imagery and Visual Literacy. Annual Conference Proceedings, 1995.
Jones, Stephen. "A Sense of Space: Virtual Reality, Authenticity and the Aural." Critical Studies in Mass Communication. 10 (September, 1993): 238-252.
Lievrouw, Leah and Sonia Livingstone (eds.). The Handbook of New Media. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: Sage, 2002.
Lloyd R. Scott. "An Introduction to Educational Holography." In Roberts Braden, Judy Clark Baca, Darrell Beauchamp (Eds.) Art , Science. and Visual Literacy (Blacksburg, VA: The International Visual Literacy Association, Inc., 1993).
Lockee, Barbara and Tom Hergert. "Learning Visual Design Through Hypermedia: Pathways to Visual Literacy." In Darrell G. Beauchamp, Roberts A. Braden, Robert E. Griffin. (Eds.) Imagery and Visual Literacy. (Blacksburg, VA: The International Visual Literacy Association, Inc., 1995).
Mahoney, Diana Phillips. "Virtual Science." Computer Graphics World. (July, 1994): 20-26.
Manovich, Lev. The Language of New Media. Cambridge, MA, London: The MIT Press, 2001.
McLellan, Hilary. "From Cubism to Holography." In Roberts A. Braden, Darrell G. Beauchamp, and Judy Clark Baca, (Eds.) Perceptions of Visual Literacy. (Blacksburg, VA: The International Visual Literacy Association, Inc., 1990)..
McLellan, Hilary. "Magical Stories: Blending Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence." In Darrell G. Beauchamp, Roberts A. Braden, Robert E. Griffin. (Eds.) Imagery and Visual Literacy. (Blacksburg, VA: The International Visual Literacy Association, Inc., 1995).
McLellan, Hilary. "Avatars, Affordances, and Interfaces: Virtual Reality Tools for Learning." In Darrel G. Beauchamp, Roberts A. Braden, Judy Clark Baca (Eds.) Visual Literacy in the Digital Age. (Blacksburg, VA: The International Visual Literacy Association, Inc., 1994).
McLellan, Hilary. "Virtual Reality: Visualization in Three Dimensions." In Roberts Braden, Judy Clark Baca, Darrell Beauchamp (Eds.) Art ,Science and Visual Literacy (Blacksburg, VA: The International Visual Literacy Association, Inc., 1993).
Metallinos, Nikos. "High Definition Television: New Perceptual, Cognitive and Aesthetic Challenges." Canadian Journal of Educational Technology. 20 (1991): 121-129.
Moore, David M. (Mike), Robert J. Myers, John K. Burton. "Multimedia: Promise, Reality and Future." In Darrell G. Beauchamp, Roberts A. Braden, Robert E. Griffin. (Eds.) Imagery and Visual Literacy. (Blacksburg, VA: The International Visual Literacy Association, Inc., 1995).
Oppenheimer, Todd. "Exploring the Interactive Future." Columbia Journalism Review. (November/December 1993): 34-37.
Packer, Randall and Ken Jordan (eds.). Multimedia. From Wagner to Virtual Reality. New York, London: W.W. Norton & Company, 2001.
Reaves, Sheila. "The Unintended Effects of New Technology (And Why We Can Expect More)." Visual Communication Quarterly. 2:3 (Summer, 1995): 11-15, 24.
Retzer, Martin. "Visualizing Cognitive Processes in Hypermedia Systems. In Judy Clark Baca and Roberts Braden (Eds.) Investigating Visual Literacy. (Blacksburg, VA: The International Visual Literacy Association, Inc., 1990).
Search, Patricia. "The Art and Science of Hypermedia." In Roberts Braden, Judy Clark Baca, Darrell Beauchamp (Eds.) Art, Science. and Visual Literacy (Blacksburg, VA: The International Visual Literacy Association, Inc., 1993).
Wyatt, Roger B. "Cinematic Thinking in the Age of Computing." In Roberts A. Braden, Darrell E. Beauchamp, and Judy Clark Baca (Eds.) Perceptions of Visual Literacy, (Blacksburg, VA: The International Visual Literacy Association, Inc., 1990).
Barbatsis, Gretchen. "Negative Campaign Commercials and Media Rage: Understanding that Pictures Cannot Lie," Speech Communication Association Annual Meeting, Chicago 1990.
Gronbeck, Bruce E. "Mythic Portraiture in the 1988 Iowa Presidential Caucus Bio-Ads." In Leah R. Vande Berg and Lawrence A. Wenner. (Eds.) Television Criticism. (New York: Longman, 1991).
Hirschman, Elizabeth C. "Point of View: Sacred, Secular and Mediating Consumption Imagery in Television commercials." Journal of Advertising Research. (December 1990/January 1991): 38-43.
Krugman, Dean M., Glen T. Cameron and Candace McKearney White. "Visual Attention to Programming and Commercials: The Use of In-home Observations." Journal of Advertising 24:1 (Spring, 1995): 1-13.
Moriarty, Sandra. "A Feature Analysis of Clio-Winning Ads," Journalism Quarterly, 57:2, Summer, 1980, pp. 321-323
Unger, Lynette S., Diane McOnocha and John A. Faier. "The Use of Nostalgia in Television Advertising: A Content Analysis." Journalism Quarterly. 68:3 (Autumn 1991): 329-337.
Young, Charels E. and Michael Robinson. "The Visual Experience of New and Established Product Commercials." In Rebecca H. Holman and Michael R. Solomon (Eds.) Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 18 (1990): 545-549.
Adams, Robert. Beauty in Photography: Essays in Defense of Traditional Values. (New York: Aperture, 1981).
Adams, R. C. Gary A. Copeland, Marjorie J. Fish and Melissa Hughes. "Effect of Framing on Selection of Photographs of Men and Women." Journalism Quarterly 57 (1980); 463-67.
Ades, Dawn. Photomontage. rev. ed. (London: Thames and Hudson, 1986).
The American Image: Photographs from the National Archives. Introduction by Alan Trachtenberg. (New York: Pantheon Books, 1979).
Arnheim, Rudolf. "On the Nature of Photography." Critical Inquiry. 1 (1974): 149-161.
Barrett, Terry (1996). Criticizing Photographs: An Introduction to Understanding Images. 2nd edition. Mountain View, London, Toronto: Mayfield Publishing Company.
Barrow, Thomas f., Shelley Armitage and William E. Tydeman (Eds.). Reading into Photography: Selected Essays, 1959-1980. (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1982).
Barthes, Roland. Camera Lucida: Reflections on Photography. (New York: Hill and Wang. 1981).
Barthes, Roland. "The Photographic Message." In Peninah Petruck, (Ed.) The Camera Viewed: Writings on Twentieth Century Photography. Vol. II. (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1979).
Bayer, Jonathan (Ed.). Reading Photographs: Understanding the Aesthetics of Photography. (New York: Pantheon, 1977).
Bell, Desmond. "Picturing the Landscape: Di Grune Insel. Tourist Images of Ireland." European Journal of Communication. 10:1 (1995): 41-62.
Beloff, Halla. Camera Culture. (New York: Basil Blackwell, 1985).
Berger, John. "Understanding a Photograph." In A. Trachtenberg (Ed.) Classic Essays on Photography. (New Haven CT: Leete's Island Books, 1980).
Berger, John. About Looking. (New York: Pantheon, 1980).
Bernard, Bruce. Photodiscovery: Masterworks of Photography 1840-1940. (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1980).
Bolton, Richard (Ed.). The Contest of Meaning. (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1989).
Bourdieu, Pierre. Photography: A Middle-brow Art. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990.
Braive, Michael. The Photograph as Social History. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966).
Brook, James T. A Viewer's Guide to Looking at Photographs. (Wilmette, IL: Aurelian Press, 1977).
Burgin, Victor , (Ed). Thinking Photography, (London: Macmillan, 1992).
Burgin, Victor. "Seeing Sense." In Howard Davis and Paul Walton (Eds.) Language, Image and Media. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1983).
Byers, Paul. "Still Photographs in the Systematic Recording and Analysis of Behavioral Data." Human Organization 23:1 (1964): 78-84.
Byers, Paul. "Cameras Don't Take Pictures." Columbia University Forum. 9 (Winter, 1966): 27-31.
Cavallo, Robert M. and Stuart Kahan. Photography: What's the Law? 2nd. ed. (New York: Crown Publishers, 1979).
Chernoff, George and Hershel B. Sarbin. Photography and the Law. 5th ed. (Garden City, NY: Amphoto, 1975).
Cole, Bernard and Milton Meltzer. The Eye of Conscience: Photographers and Social Change. (Chicago: Follett, 1974).
Coleman, A. D. Light Readings: A Photography Critic's Writings 1968-1978. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1979).
Culver, Kathleen B. "An Open Door With a Big Spring: Cameras in Federal Courts." Visual Communication Quarterly. 1 (Spring 1994): 17-18.
Daniel, Pete. Official Images: New Deal Photography. (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1987).
Darrah, William C. The World of Stereography. (Gettysburg: William C. Darrah, 1977).
Dyer, R. The Matter of Images. Essays on Representation. (London: Routledge, 1993).
Evenrden, Neil. "Seeing and Being Seen: A Response to Susan Sontag's Essays on Photography." Soundings (Spring, 1985): 72-87.
Fehlner, Christine L. "Faces in the News: Gender Comparisons of Magazine Photographs." Journal of Communication. 36 (Autumn 1986): 70-79.
Fosdick, James A. and Percy H. Tannenbaum. "The Encoder's Intent and Use of Stylistic Elements in Photographs." Journalism Quarterly 41 (1964): 174-182.
Freedberg, David. The Power of Images: Studies in the History and Theory of Response. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989).
Freund, Gisele. Photography and Society. (Boston: David R. Godine, 1980).
Frobisch, Dieter and Hartmut Lanprecht. Graphic Photo Design . (Garden City NY: Amphoto, 1977).
Girvin, Robert E. "Photography as Social Documentation." Journalism Quarterly 24 (September 1947): 202-220.
Goldberg, Vicki. The Power of Photography. (New York: Abbeville Press, 1991).
Goldberg, Vicki, (Ed.). Photography in Print. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1981).
Grundberg, Andy and Kathleen McCarthy Gauss. Photography and Art: Interactions Since 1946. (New York: Abbeville, 1987).
Guimond, James. American Photography and the American Dream. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991).
Hagen, Charles. "Photographs and Time." Afterimage. 7:9 (April, 1980): 6-7.
Halsman, Phillipe. Halsman on the Creation of Photographic Ideas. (New York: Ziff-Davis, 1961).
Hazard, William R. "Responses to News Pictures: A Study in Perceptual Unity." Journalism Quarterly 37 (1960): 515-524.
Henry, W. P. and C. H. Solano. "Photographic Style and Personality: Developing a Coding System for Photographs." The Journal of Psychology. 115 (1983): 79-87.
Heyman, Ken and John Durniak. The Right Picture. (New York: Amphoto, 1986).
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Zakia, Richard D. Perception and Photography. (Rochester NY: Light Impressions Corp., 1979).
Zakia, Richard D. and H. N. Todd. 101 Experiments in Photography (Dobbs Ferry, NY: Morgan and Morgan, 1973).
Zakia, Richard D. Perceptual Quotes for Photographers, (Rochester: Light Impressions Corp., 1980).
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Becker, Karin E. "To Control Our Image: Photojournalists and New Technology." Media, Culture and Society. 13 (1991): 381-387.
Benson, Harry. Harry Benson on Photojournalism. (New York: Harmony Books, 1982).
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Bethune, Beverly M. "A Sociological Profile of the Daily Newspaper Photographer." Journalism Quarterly 61 (1984): 606-614, 743.
Blackwood, Roy E. "International News Photos in U.S. and Canadian Papers." Journalism Quarterly 64 (1987): 195-199.
Bourke-White, Margaret. Portrait of Myself. (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1963).
Brown, Theodore M. Margaret Bourke-White: Photojournalist. (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1972).
Buell, Hal and Saul Pett. The Instant it Happened. (New York: Associated Press, 1975).
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Capa, Cornell. The Concerned Photographer. (New York: Grossman Publishers, 1968).
Capa, Cornell. The Concerned Photographer 2. (New York: Grossman Publishers, 1972).
Capa, Robert. Images of War. (New York: Grossman Publishers, 1964).
Chapnick, Howard. Truth Needs No Ally: Inside Photojournalism. (Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1994).
Coldwell, Thomas. "Professionalism and Performance Among Newspaper Photographers." Gazette. 20 (1974): 73-81.
Craig, R. Stephen. "Cameras in Courtrooms in Florida." Journalism Quarterly 56 (1979): 703-710.
Dow, Caroline. "Prior Restraint on Photojournalists." Journalism Quarterly. 64 (1987): 88-93, 118.
Duncan, David Douglas. This Is War! (New York: Bantam, 1967).
Edey, Maitland. Great Photographic Essays from Life. (Boston: New York Graphic Society, 1978).
Edom, Clifton Cedric. Photojournalism: Principles and Practices, 2nd ed. (Dubuque, IA: W.C. Brown Co., 1980).
Edom, Clifton. "Photo-propaganda: The History of Its Development." Journalism Quarterly. 24 (Spring 1947): 221-226.
Eisenstaedt, Alfred. The Eye of Eisenstaedt. (New York: Viking Press, 1969).
Evans, Harold, ed. Pictures on a Page: Photo-Journalism, Graphics and Picture Editing. (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1978).
Evans, Walker. American Photographs. (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1938).
Evans, Walker and James Agee. Let Us Now Praise Famous Men. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1960).
Fosdick, James A. "Photography in War and Peace." Journalism Quarterly. 24 (September 1947): 227-232.
Fosdick, James A. "Picture Content and Source in Four Daily Newspapers." Journalism Quarterly. 46 (Autumn 1969): 368-371.
Frank, Robert. The Americans. (New York: Aperture, 1969).
Freedman, Jill. Circus Days. (New York: Harmony Books, 1975).
Freedman, Jill. Firehouse. (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1978).
Freedman, Jill. Street Cops. (New York: Harper and Row, 1981).
Gernsheim, Helmut and Allison Gernsheim. Roger Fenton, Photographer of the Crimean War. (London: Secker and Warburg, 1954).
Goldberg, Vicki. Margaret Bourke-White: A Biography. (New York: Harper and Row, 1986).
Griffiths, Philip Jones. Vietnam Inc. (New York: MacMillan, 1971).
Hall, Stuart. "The Determinations of News-photographs." Working Papers in Cultural Studies. 3 (Autumn 1972): 53-87.
Hayes, Susan. "Photographing Hunger: Paving the Way with Good Intentions." Continuum. 6:2 (1993): 220-234.
Hicks, Wilson. Words and Pictures. 1952 Reprint (New York: Arno Press, 1973).
Hine, Lewis. America and Lewis Hine: Photographs 1904-1940. (Millerton, NY: Aperture, 1977).
Hurley, F. Jack. Russell Lee Photographer. (Dobbs Ferry, NY: Morgan & Morgan, 1978).
Jay, Bill. "The Romantic Machine: Towards a Definition of Humanism in Photography." Massachusetts Review (Winter, 1978): 647-662.
Johnson, William S. (Ed). W. Eugene Smith: Master of the Photographic Essay. (New York: Harper and Row, 1981).
Joly, Martine. "Information and Argument in Press Photographs." Visual Sociology. 8:1 (Spring 1993): 16-22.
Kalish, Stanley and Clifton C. Edom. Picture Editing. (New York: Rinehart, 1951).
Kennerly, David Hume. Shooter. (New York: Newsweek Books, 1980).
Kobre, Kenneth. Photojournalism: The Professionals' Approach,. (Somerville MA: Curtin & London, 1980).
Knightley, Phillip. The First Casualty. (London: Andre Deutsch, 1975).
Kozol, Wendy. Life's America. (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1994).
LaBelle, David. The Great Picture Hunt. Bowling Green, KY: Western Kentucky University, 1989).
Lange, Dorothea and Paul S. Taylor. An American Exodus. New York: Reynal and Hitchcock, 1939).
Langston, Loup M. "Photo Coverage of the Third World in Four Prestige U.S. Newspapers." Newspaper Research Journal. 12 (Fall 1991): 98-107.
Leekley, Sheryle and John Leekley. Moments: The Pulitzer Prize Photographs. (New York: Crown Publishers, 1978).
Lester, Paul Martin. "Front Page Mug Shots: A Content Analysis of Five U.S. Newspapers in 1986." Newspaper Research Journal 9 (Spring 1988): 1-9.
Lindekugel, D. M. Shooters: TV News Photographers and Their Work. (Westport CT: Praeger, 1994).
Linton, James. "Camera Access to Courtrooms: Canadian, U.S. and Australian Experiences." Canadian Journal of Communication. 18:1 (1993): 15-32.
Luebke, Barbara F. "Out of Focus: Images of Women and Men in Newspaper Photographs." Sex Roles 20 (1989): 121-133.
McCullin, Donald. Is Anyone Taking Any Notice? (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1973).
McCullin, Donald. Hearts of Darkness. (London: Secker and Warburg, 1980).
McDougall, Angus and Veita Jo Hampton. Picture Editing and Layout. (Columbia MO: Viscom Press, 1990).
Marcus, Adrianne. Photojournalism: Mary Ellen Mark and Annie Leibovitz. (Los Angeles: Alskog/Petersen Publishing Co., 1974).
Meiselas, Susan. Carnival Strippers. (New York: Pantheon, 1976).
Meiselas, Susan. Nicaragua: June 1978-July 1979. (New York: Pantheon, 1981).
Moeller, Susan D. Shooting War: Photography and the American Experience of Combat. (New York: Basic Books, 1989).
Nesterenko, Alexander and C. Zoe Smith. "Contemporary Interpretations of Robert Frank's The Americans." Journalism Quarterly. 61 (Autumn 1984): 567-577.
Ohrn, Karin Baker. "How Photographs Become News: Photojournalists at Work." Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Conference, Corvallis OR, 1983
Pasternack, Steve and Don R. Martin. "Daily Newspaper Photojournalism in the Rocky Mountain West." Journalism Quarterly 62 (1985): 132-135, 222.
Patterson, Oscar, III. "Television's Living Room War in Print: Vietnam in News Magazines." Journalism Quarterly. 61 (Spring 1984): 35-39.
Perlmutter, David. "Opening Up Photojournalism." Visual Communication Quarterly 2 (Spring, 1995): 9-11.
Rayfield, Stanley. How LIFE Gets the Story: Behind the Scenes in Photojournalism. (Garden City: Doubleday, 1955).
Rothstein, Arthur. Photojournalism. (Garden City, NY: Amphoto, 1979).
Sanders, Keith P. "Research in Photojournalism." In Clifton C. Edom, Photojournalism. (Dubuque, IA: W.C.. Brown Co., 1976).
Schuneman, R. Smith (Ed.). Photographic Communication: Principles, Problems and Challenges of Photojournalism. (New York: Hastings House, 1972).
Sentman, Mary Alice. "Black and White: Disparity in Coverage by Life Magazine from 1937 to 1972." Journalism Quarterly 60 (1983): 501-508.
Sherer, Michael D. "Vietnam War Photos and Public Opinion." Journalism Quarterly (Summer 1989): 391-395, 530.
Sherer, Michael D. "Invasion of Poland Photos in Four American Newspapers." Journalism Quarterly. 61 (Summer 1984): 422-426.
Sherer, Michael D. "The Problem of Trespass for Photojournalists." Journalism Quarterly 62 (1985): 154-56, 222.
Sherer, Michael D. "The Problem of Libel for Photojournalists." Journalism Quarterly 63 (1986): 618-623.
Sherer, Michael D. "A Survey of Photojournalists and Their Encounters with the Law." Journalism Quarterly 64 (1987): 499-502, 575.
Sherer, Michael D. "Comparing Magazine Photos of Vietnam and Korean Wars." Journalism Quarterly 65 (1988): 752-756.
Sherer, Michael D. "Photojournalism and the Infliction of Emotional Distress." Communications and the Law 8 (April 1986): 27-37.
Siebert, Frederick S. "Trends in the Use of Pictures by Three Newspapers." Journalism Quarterly. 29 (1952): 212-213.
Singletary, Michael W. and Chris Lamb. "News Values in Award-Winning Photos." Journalism Quarterly. 61 (Spring 1984): 104-108, 233.
Singletary, Michael W. "Newspaper Photographs: A Content Analysis, 1936-76." Journalism Quarterly 55 (1978): 585-589.
Slattery, Karen and Jim Fosdick. "Professionalism in Photojournalism: A Female/Male Comparison." Journalism Quarterly. 56 (Summer 1979): 243-247.
Smith, W. Eugene. Minamata. (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975).
Stolley, Richard B. "People Pictures." Columbia Journalism Review. (September/October, 1994: 41-44.
Streitmatter, R. "The Rise and Triumph of the White House Photo Opportunity." Journalism Quarterly 65 (1988): 981-985.
Stephenson, William. "Principles of Selection of News Pictures." Journalism Quarterly. 37:1 (1960): 61-68.
Taylor, John. War Photography: Realism in the British Press. (London: Routledge, 1991).
Thompson, Kenrick S. and Alfred C. Clarke. "Photographic Imagery and the Vietnam War: An Unexamined Perspective." The Journal of Psychology. 87 (July 1974): 279-292.
Thompson, Kenrick S., Alfred C. Clarke and Simon Dinitz. "Reactions to My-Lai: A Visual-Verbal Comparison." Sociology and Social Research. 58 (January 1974): 122-129.
Trachtenberg, Alan. America and Lewis Hine. (New York: Aperture, 1977).
Trayes, Edward J. and Bruce I. Cook. "Picture Emphasis in Final Editions of 16 Dailies." Journalism Quarterly. 54 (Autumn 1977): 595-598.
Tsang, Kuo-Jen. "News Photos in Time and Newsweek." Journalism Quarterly 61 (1984): 578-584, 723.
Vitray, Laura and John Mills, Jr. and Roscoe Ellard. Pictorial Journalism. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1939).
Wanta, Wayne. "The Effects of Dominant Photographs: An Agenda-Setting Experiment." Journalism Quarterly. 65:1 (Spring, 1988): 107-111.
Wanta, Wayne and Dawn Leggett. "Gender Stereotypes in Wire Service Sports Photos." Newspaper Research Journal 10 (Spring 1989): 105-114.
Wayne, Ivor. "American and Soviet Themes and Values: A Content Analysis of Pictures in Popular Magazines." Public Opinion Quarterly. 20 (Spring 1956): 197-211.
Weinberg, Adam D. On the Line: The New Color Photojournalism. (Minneapolis: Walker Art Center, 1986).
Whelan, Richard. Robert Capa: A Biography. (New York: Knopf, 1985).
White, Frank William. "Cameras in the Courtroom: A U.S. Survey." Journalism Monographs. 60 (April 1979).
Woo, Jisuk. "Journalism Objectivity in News Magazine Photography." Visual Communication Quarterly. 1 (Summer, 1994): 9-11.
Leslie, Larry Z. "Newspaper Photo Coverage of Censure of McCarthy." Journalism Quarterly. 63 (Winter 1986): 850-853.
Gerbner, George. "Persian Gulf War, the Movie." In Hamid Mowlana, George Gerbner, and Herbert I. Schiller. (Eds.)Triumph of the Image: The Media's War in the Persian Gulf-- A Global Perspective. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1992).
Glassman, Carl and Keith Kenney. "Myths and Presidential Campaign Photographs." Visual Communication Quarterly 1:4 (Fall, 1994).
Graber, Doris. Processing the News: How People Tame the Information Tide. 2nd. ed. (White Plains NY: Longman, 1988).
Hagaman, Dianne. "The Joy of Victory, the Agony of Defeat: Stereotypes in Newspaper Sports Feature Photographs," Visual Sociology 8 (2): 48-66.
Kenski, Henry C., Sharon Jarvis and Tom Reichert. "'Here's the Deal, See:' What Viewers Actually Saw of Perot in 1992 Media Coverage." Visual Communication 9, Flagstaff AZ, June 1995.
Lester, Paul. "Use of Visual Elements on Newspaper Front Pages." Journalism Quarterly. 65:3 (Fall, 1988): 760-763.
Lester, Paul. "Front Page Mug Shots: A Content Analysis of Five U.S. Newspapers, 1986." Newspaper Research Journal. 9:3 (Spring 1988): 1-9.
Morello, John. "Argument and Visual Structuring in the 1984 Mondale-Regan Debates." Western Journal of Speech Communication. 52, 1988: 27-290
Morello, John. Visual Structuring of the 1976 and 1984 Nationally Televised Presidential Debates." Central States Speech Journal. 39 (3-4), 1988: 233-243
Moriarty, Sandra and David Shaw. "An Antiseptic War: Were News Magazine Images of the Gulf War Too Soft?" Visual Communication Quarterly. 2 (Spring, 1995): 4-8.
Moriarty, Sandra and Mark Popovich. "News Magazine Visuals and the 1992 Presidential Election," Magazine Division, Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Kansas City, 1993.
Moriarty, Sandra, Mark Popovich and Beverley Pitts. "News Magazine Coverage of the 1988 Presidential Campaign: Images and Issues," Mass Comm Review 20:1 and 2, (1993): 99-111.
Moriarty, Sandra and Mark Popovich. "News Magazine Visuals and the 1988 Presidential Election," Journalism Quarterly, 68:3 (1991): 371-380.
Moriarty, Sandra and Gina Garramone. "A Study of Newsmagazine Photographs of the 1984 Campaign," Journalism Quarterly, 63: (Winter 1986).
Mowlana, Hamid, George Gerbner, and Herbert I. Schiller. (Eds.)Triumph of the Image: The Media's War in the Persian Gulf-- A Global Perspective. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1992).
Mullen, Lawrence J. "Framing the President: An Analysis of Bill Clinton's Visual Image as Depicted on Nationally Televised Newscasts." Visual Communication 9, Flagstaff AZ, June 1995.
Newhagen, J. E. and B. Reeves. "The Evening's Bad News: Effects of Compelling Negative Television News Images on Memory." Journal of Communication. 42 (1992): 25-41.
Snyder, Robert. "Information Processing: A Visual Theory for Television News." Journal of Visual Literacy. 14:1 (Spring, 1994): 69-76.
Tiemens, Robert, Susa Hellweg, Philip Kipper, and Stephen Phillips. "An Integrative Verbal and Visual Analysis of the Carter-Reagan Debate." Communication Quarterly, 33: 34-42
Tiemens, Robert K. "A Visual Analysis of the 1976 Presidential Debates." Speech Communication Association Conference, Washington, D.C., 1976; Also in Communication Monographs 45 (1978): 362-370.
Tsang, Kuo-jen. "News Photos in Time and Newsweek." Journalism Quarterly. 61 (1984): 578-584, 723
Wanta, Wayne. "The Effects of Dominant Photographs: An Agenda-Setting Experiment." Journalism Quarterly. 65:1 (Spring, 1988): 107-111.
X D. PR / Advertising / Consumer Behavior
Alesandrini, Kathy Lutz and Anees A. Sheikh. "Research on Imagery: Implications for Advertising." In A.A. Sheikh (Ed.) Imagery: Current Theory, Research and Application, 1983: 353-556.
Alexander, Victoria D. "The Image of Children in Magazine Advertisements from 1905 to 1990." Communication Research. 21:6 (December 1994): 742-765.
Babin, Lauri, Alvin C. Burns, and Abhijit Biswas. "A Framework Providing Direction for Research on Communications Effects of Mental Imagery-Evoking Advertising Strategies." In John F. Sherry, Jr. and Brian Sternthal (Eds.). Advances in Consumer Behavior: Diversity in Consumer Behavior. Vol. 19 (1992): 621-628.
Belk, Russell W. and Richard W. Pollay. "Images of Ourselves: The Good Life in Twentieth Century Advertising." Journal of Consumer Research. 11 (March, 1985): 887-895.
Bone, Paula Fitzgerald and Pam Scholder Ellen. "The Generation and Consequences of Communication-evoked Imagery." Journal of Consumer Research. 19 (June 1992): 93-104.
Craig, Robert. "Advertising as Visual Communication." Communication. 13:3 (December, 1992): 165-179.
Dickson, Peter R., Robert E. Burnkrant, Paul W. Miniard, and H. R. Unnava. "If It Isn't a Duck Then Why did It Quack? Competing Explanations for an Observed Effect of Illustrations in an Advertisement." In Richard J. Lutz (Ed.) Advances in Consumer Research. Vol. 13 (Provo UT: Association for consumer Research): 153-157.
Dobni, Dawn and George M. Zinkhan. "In Search of Brand Image: A Foundations Analysis." In Marin E. Goldberg, Gerald Gorn, and Richard W. Pollay (Eds.). Advances in Consumer Behavior: Diversity in Consumer Behavior. Vol. 17 (1989): 110-119.
Edel, Julie A. and Richard Staelin. "The Information Processing of Pictures in Print Advertisements." Journal of Consumer Research. 10 (June, 1983): 145-161.
Ellen, Pam Scholder and Paula Fitzgerald Bone. "Measuring Communication-evoked Imagery Processing." In Rebecca H. Holman and Michael R. Solomon (Eds.) Advances in Consumer Research. Vol. 18. (Provo UT: Association of Consumer Research): 806-812.
Golden, Linda L. and Mayur Sirdesai, "Chernoff Faces: A Useful Technique for Comparative Image Analysis and Representation." In John F. Sherry, Jr. and Brian Sternthal. (Eds) Advances in Consumer Behavior: Diversity in Consumer Behavior. Vol. 19 (1992): 123-128.
Hecker, Sidney and David W. Stewart. Nonverbal Communication in Advertising. (Lexington Mass: Lexington Books, 1988).
Hirschman, Elizabeth C. "The Effect of Verbal and Pictorial Advertising Stimuli on Aesthetic, Utilitarian and Familiarity Perceptions." Journal of Advertising 15:2 (1986): 27-34.
Homer, Pamela M. and Lynn R. Kahle. "A Social Adaption Explanation of the Effects of Surrealism on Advertising." Journal of Advertising. 15:2 (1986): 50-60.
Houston, Michael J., Terry L. Childers, and Susan E. Heckler. "Picture-Word Consistency and the Elaborative Processing of Advertisements." Journal of Marketing Research. 13 (December, 1987): 359-369.
Kervin, Denise. "Advertising and Persuasion: From 'Logical' Argumentation to Seductive Ambiguity." Journal of Visual Literacy 12:2 (Autumn, 1992): 8-41.
Kidd, Virginia. "An Analysis of The California Tobacco Education Campaign's Visual Anti-Smoking Messages." Visual Communication 8, Feather River CA, 1994.
King, Karen W., Leonard N. Reid, Young-Sook Moon, and Debra Ringold. "Changes in the Visual Imagery of Cigarette Ads, 1954-1986." Journal of Public Policy and Marketing. 10 (1991): 63-80.
Liu, Scott S. "Picture-Image Memory of TV Advertising in Low-Involvement Situations: A Psycophysiological Analysis." Current Issues and Research in Advertising . 9 (1&2), 1986.
Lutz, Kathy and Richard J. Lutz. "Imagery-eliciting Strategies: Review and Implications of Research." In H. Keith Hunt (Ed.) Advances in Consumer Research. Vol. 5 (Ann Arbor MI: Association for Consumer Research) 1978: 611-620.
MacInnis, Deborah J. "Constructs and Measures of Individual Differences in Imagery Processing: A Review." In Melanie Wallendort and Paul Anderson (Eds.) Advances in Consumer Research. Vol. 14. (Provo UT: Association for consumer Research) 1987: 88-92.
MacInnis Deborah J. and Linda L. Price. "The Role of Imagery in Information Processing: Review and Extensions." Journal of Consumer Research. 13 (March, 1987): 473-491.
MacInnis, Deborah J. and Linda L. Price. "An Exploratory Study of the Effect of Imagery on Expectations and Satisfaction." In Marin E. Goldberg, Gerald Gorn, and Richard W. Pollay (Eds.). Advances in Consumer Behavior: Diversity in Consumer Behavior. Vol. 17 (1989): 41-47.
Messaris, Paul. "Associational Imagery in Magazine Advertisements." Visual Communication 3, Park City UT, June 1989.
Mick, David. "Consumers' Interpretations of Advertising Imagery: A Visit to the Hell of Connotation," In Elizabeth C. Hirschman, (Ed.) Interpretive Consumer Research, Association for Consumer Research, 1989.
Miller, Christine. "Picturing the Academy: Visual Representations of Higher Education Institutions." Visual Communication 9, Flagstaff AZ, June 1995.
Miniard, Paul W., Sunil Bhatla, Kenneth R. Lord, Peter R. Dickson, and H. Rao Unnava. "Picture-based Persuasion Processes and the Moderating Role of Involvement." Journal of Consumer Research. 198 (June, 1991): 92-107.
Mitchell, Andrew A. "The Effects of Visual and Emotional Advertising: An Information Processing Approach." In Larry Percy and Arch Woodside (Eds.) Advertising and Consumer Psychology. Lexington MA: Lexington Books, 1983): 197-217.
Moriarty, Sandra. "A Content Analysis of Visuals Used in Print Media Advertising," Journalism Quarterly, 64: 2-3, Summer 1987, pp. 550-554
Moriarty, Sandra. "Visual Communication in Print Advertising," Journal of Visual Verbal Languaging, 5:2 (Fall, 1985): 37-41
Moriarty, Sandra. "The Role of Visuals in Advertising," In Roberts A. Braden, Darrell G. Beauchamp, and Judy Clark Baca, (Eds.), Proceedings of the 1986 IVLA Conference, Madison, WI, October 1986
Nelson, Douglas L. "Remembering Pictures and Words: Appearance, Significance and Name." In Richard J. Harris (Ed.) Information Processing Research in Advertising. (Hillsdale NJ: Erlbaum, 1983): 45-76.
Pollay, R. W. and Ssteve Mainprize. "Headlining of Visuals in Print Advertising: A Typology of Tactical Techniques." In Donald R. Glover (Ed.) Proceedings of the American Academy Advertising, 1984.
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