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Kelly, James D. "The Data-Ink Ratio and Accuracy of Information Derived From Newspaper Graphs: An Experimental Test of the Theory."Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Conference, Portland, OR, 1988.
Kosslyn, Steven M. "Graphics and Human Information Processing." Journal of the American Statistical Association. 80 (September 1985): 499-512.
Kosslyn, Stephen M. "Understanding Charts and Graphs." Applied Cognitive Psychology. 3 (July 1989): 185-226.
Kosslyn, Stephen. Elements of Graphing. (New York: Freeman, 1994).
Lenk, Krzysztof and Paul Kahn. "To Show and Explain: The Information Graphics of Stevin and Comenius." Visible Language. 26:3/4 (Summer/Autumn, 1991): 273-280.
Macdonald-Ross, Michael. "How Numbers Are Shown: A Review of Research on the Presentation of Quantitative Data in Texts." AV Communication Review. 25 (Winter 1977): 359-409.
McGregor, Donald and Paul Slovic. "Graphic Representation of Judgmental Information." Human-Computer Interaction. 3 (1986): 179-200.
Miller, Christine. "(Re)Presenting Reality Visually: Maps as Info-mercials." Speech Communication Association Convention, Miami, FL, 1993.
Miller, Christine, "It's Deja Vu All Over Again: Representing Reality in Cartography." Visual Communication 7, Jackson Hole, WY, 1993.
Miller, Christine. "Cartography and Critical Thinking: The Implications of Visually Abstracting Reality." Speech Communication Association Convention, Atlanta GA, 1991.
Modley, Rudolf and Dyno Lowenstein. Pictographs and Graphs: How to Make and Use Them. (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1952).
Monmonier, Mark and Val Pipps. "Weather Maps and Newspaper Design: Response to USA Today?" Newspaper Research Journal (Summer 1987): 31-42.
Pasternak, Steve and Sandra H. Utt. "Reader Use & Understanding of Newspaper Infographics." Newspaper Research Journal (Spring, 1990): 28-41.
Peterson, Lewis V. and Wilbur Schramm. "How Accurately Are Different Kinds of Graphs Read?" Audio Visual Communication Review. 2 (Summer 1954): 178-189.
Pettersson, Rune. "Information Graphics at the Turn of Two Centuries." Visual Communication 9, Flagstaff AZ, June 1995.
Pinker, S. "A Theory of Graph Comprehension." In R. Friedle (Ed.), Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Testing. (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1990): 73-126.
Poggenpohl, Sharon H. and Dietmar R. Winkler. "Diagrams as Tools for Worldmaking." Journal of Visible Language. 26:3/4 (Summer/Autumn, 1992): 252-269.
Ramaprasad, Jyotika. "Informational Graphics in Newspapers." Newspaper Research Journal. 12 (Summer 1991): 92-103.
Richards, C. and R. Johnson. "Graphic Codes for Flow Charts." Informational Design Journal. 4 (1980): 261-270.
Schmid, C. F. Statistical Graphics. (New York: John Wiley, 1983).
Schutz, Howard G. "An Evaluation of Formats for Graphic Trend Displays: Experiment II." Human Factors. 3 (April 1961: 99-107.
Simkin, D. and Reid Hastie. "An Information-processing Analysis of Graph Perception." Journal of the American Statistical Association. 82 (1987): 454-465.
Smith, Edward J. and Donna J. Hajash. "Informational Graphics in 30 Daily Newspapers." Journalism Quarterly. 65:3 (Fall, 1988): 714-718.
Spence, Ian. and S. Lewandowsky. "Graphical Perception." In J. Fox and S. Long (Eds.) Modern Methods of Data Analysis. (Beverly Hills: Sage, 1990): 13-57.
Spence, Ian. "Visual Psychophysics of Simple Graphical Elements." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 16 (1990): 683-692.
Spence, Ian and P. Krizel. "Children's Perception of Proportion in Graphs." Child Development. 65 (1994): 1193-1213.
Spence, Ian. "Graphs and Psycho-physics." Visual Communication Quarterly. 2 (Fall 1995): 8-11,
Stark, M. Pegie and Barry A. Hollander. "Information Graphics: Do They Help Readers Understand News Events?" Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Conference, Minneapolis, MN, 1990.
Storkerson, Peter. "Explicit and Implicit Graphs: Changing the Frame." Visible Language. 26:3/4 (Summer/Autumn, 1981): 389-433.
Tankard, James W. Jr. "Visual Crosstabs: A Technique for Enriching Information Graphics." Mass Communication Review. 21: 1/2 (1994): 49-66.
Tankard, James W. Jr. "Effects of Chartoons & Three-dimensional Graphs on Interest & Information Gain." Newspaper Research Journal. (Spring, 1989): 91-103.
Tankard, James W. Jr. "Quantitative Graphics in Newspapers." Journalism Quarterly, 64 (1987): 406-415.
Tufte, Edward. Envisioning Information, (Cheshire CT: Graphics Press, 1990).
Tufte, Edward. The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. (Cheshire CT: Graphics Press, 1983).
Utt, Sandra H. and Steve Pasternack. "Infographics Today: Using Qualitative Devices to Display Quantitative Information." Newspaper Research Journal. 14: 3&4 (Summer-Fall 1993): 146-157.
Vernon, Magdalen D. "The Visual Presentation of Factual Material." British Journal of Educational Psychology. 20 (November 1950): 174-185.
Vernon, Magdalen D. "The Use and Value of Graphical Material in Presenting Quantitative Data." Occupational Psychology. 26 (1952): 22-34.
Vernon, Magdalen D. "The Use and Value of Graphical Materials with a Written Text." Occupational Psychology. 26 (1952): 96-100.
Wagner, David. "Ethical Considerations in the Visual Display of Quantitative Information." Visual Communication 5, Breckenridge, 1991.
Wainer, Howard. "Making Newspaper Graphs Fit to Print." In Paul A. Kolers, Merald E. Wrolstad and Herman Bouma (Eds.) Processing of Visible Language. vol. 2. (New York: Plenum, 1980).
Wainer, Howard. "How to Display Data Badly." American Statistician. 38 (May 1984): 137-147.
Ward, Douglas B. "The Effectiveness of Sidebar Graphics." Journalism Quarterly. 69:2 (Summer, 1991): 318-328.
White, Jan V. Using Charts and Graphs: 1000 Ideas for Visual Persuasion. (New York: R. R. Bowker, 1984).
Wilcox, Walter. "Numbers and the News: Graph, Table or Text?" Journalism Quarterly. 41 (Winter 1964): 38-44.
Winn, W. and W. Holliday. "Design Principles for Diagrams and Charts." In D. H. Jonassen (Ed.) The Technology of Text. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications, 1982): 227-229.
VII E. Computergraphics/Videotex/Electronic Publishing
Bove, Toney, et. al. The Art of Desktop Publishing: Using Personal Computers to Publish it Yourself. (New York: Bantam Books, 1987)
Grabinger, R. S. "Relationships Among Text Format Variables in Computer Generated Text." Journal of Visual Verbal Languaging 6:3 (1987.
Jones, Beverly. "Computer Imagery: Imitation and Representation of Realities." Leonardo. Vsupp. (1989): 31-38.
Knupfer, Nancy and Marina S. McIsaac. "Designing Instructional Materials with Desktop Publishing software: The Effects of White-Space Variations on Learning. Journal of Research on Computing in Education. 25:1 (1992): 75-87.
Knupfer, Nancy and Marina S. McIsaac. "Desktop Publishing: The Effects of Computerized Formats on Reading Speed and comprehension." Journal of Research on Computing in Education. 22:2 (Winter, 1989): 127-136.
Lester, Paul. "Videotex Design: Color Graphics Versus Text Only." Videodisc and Optical Disk. 4:6 (November-December, 1984): 468-474.
Lester, Paul. "Research on Videotext and Journalism" Videodisc and Optical Disk. 4:5 (September-October, 1984): 372-378.
Misanchuk, E. R. Preparing Instructional Text: Document Design Using Desktop Publishing. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications, Inc., 1992).
Meyer, R. C. and b. Knight. "Menu Formatting: A Method for Media Literacy." Journal of Visual Verbal Languaging. 7:2 (1987): 39-45.
Romiszowski, A.J. "Educational Systems Design Implications of Electronic Publishing." Educational Technology. 34:7 (1994): 6-12.
Wilson, S. "Computer Art: Artificial Intelligence and the Arts." Leonardo 16 (1983): 15-20.
Barnhurst, Kevin. "Legibility Science and the Visual Design of Newspapers." In Roberts Braden, Judy Clark Baca, Darrell Beauchamp (Eds.) Art ,Science. and Visual Literacy (Blacksburg, VA: The International Visual Literacy Association, Inc., 1993).
Beaumont, Michael. Type (Cincinnnati OH: North Light, 1987).
Carter, Rob, Ben Day and Philip Meggs. Typographic Design: Form and Communication. (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985).
Craig, James. Designing with Type. (New York: Watson-Guptill, 1980).
Davenport, J.S. and S. A. Smith. "Effects of Hyphenation, Justification, and Type Size on Readability. Journalism Quarterly, 42 (1965): 381.
Ernst, Sandra Moriarty. ABCs of Typography. (New York: Art Direction, 1977).
Gilreath, Charles T. "Graphic Cueing of Text: The Typographic and Diagraphic Dimensions." Visible Language. 27:3 (1993): 336-361.
Gotshall, Edward M. Typographic Communications Today. (Cambridge MA: The MIT Press, 1989).
Hooper, S and Hannafin, M.J. "Variables Affecting the Legibility of Computer Generated Text." Journal of Instructional Development. 9:4 (1986): 22-28.
Kolers, P. A., M. R. Wrolstad, and H. Bouma. (Eds.) Processing of Visible Language: Vol. 2. (New York: Plenum Press, 1980).
Labuz, Ronald. Typography and Typesetting. (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1988).
Lawson, Alexander. Printing Types. (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971).
Lieberman, J. Ben. Types of Typefaces and How to Recognize Them. (new York: Sterling Publishing, 1967).
Martin, Solomon. The Art of Typography. (New York: Art Direction, 1994).
Miles, Tinker. Legibility of Print. (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1963)
Moriarty, Sandra. "Legibility in Advertising Typography," Voice of a Nation at Work, Proceedings of the 1980 AAA Conference, James E. Haefner, ed., pp. 75-80.
Moriarty, Sandra. "Line Lengths and Starch Scores," Visible Language, 20:4, Autumn 1987, pp. 448-455.
Moriarty, Sandra. "The Search for the Optimum Line Length," Journalism Quarterly, 63: 2, Summer, 1986, pp. 337-340.
Moriarty, Sandra and Ed Scheiner. "A Study of Close Set Type," Journal of Applied Psychology, 69:4, 1984, pp. 700-702.
Moriarty, Sandra. "Novelty vs Practicality in Advertising Typography," Journalism Quarterly, 61:1, Spring, 1984, pp. 188-190.
Rehe, Rolf. Typography: How to Make it Most Legible. (Carmel IN: Design Research International, 1974).
Richardson, Margaret. "Timeless Typefaces." U&lc. 21:2 (Fall, 1994): 24-31.
Ruegg, Ruedi and Godi Frohlich. Basic Typography. (Switzerland: ABC Verlag Zurich, 1972).
Salen, Katie. "Speaking in Text: The Resonance of Syntactic Difference in Text Interpretation." Visible Language. 27:3 (1993): 281-302.
Sutherland, S. W. "The Forgotten Research of Miles Albert Tinker." Journal of Visual Literacy 9:1 (1989): 10-25.
Turbayne, C.M. "Visual Language from the Verbal Model." The Journal of Typographic Research. III:4 (1969): 345-370.
Albers, Joseph. Interaction of Color. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975).
Berry, L. and F. M. Dwyer. "Interactive Effects of Color Realism and Learners' I.Q. in Effectiveness of Verbal Instruction." Perceptual and Motor Skills. 54 (1983): 1087-1091.
Birren, Faber. Color Perception in Art. (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold co., 1976).
Birren, Faber. Principles of Color. (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1969).
Bohle, Robert H. and Mario R. Garcia. "Reader Response to Color Halftones and Spot Color in Newspaper Design." Journalism Quarterly. 64 (1987): 731-739.
Christ, R. E. "Review and Analysis of Color Coding Research for Visual Displays." Human Factors. 17 (1975): 542-570.
Chute, A. G. "Analysis of the Instructional Functions of Color and Monochrome Cueing and Media Presentations." Educational Communication and Technology Journal. 27 (1979): 251-263.
Click, J.W. and Guido H. Stempel III. "Reader Response to Newspaper Front Pages with Four-Color Halftones." Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Conference, University of Maryland, 1976.
Dwyer, F.M and D. M. Moore. "Effect of Color on Visually and Verbally Oriented Tests with Students of Different Field Dependence Levels. Journal of Educational Systems Technology. 20:4 (1992): 311-320.
Garcia, Mario R. and Don Fry. (Eds.). Color in American Newspapers. (St. Petersburg FL: The Poynter Institute, 1986).
Garcia, Mario and Pegie Stark. "Color: Let Your Content Be Your Guide." The Poynter Report (Spring, 1992): 6-7.
Gilbert, Kathy. "Effects of Color and Complexity in Still Photographs on Mental Effort and Memory." Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Conference, Portland, 1988.
Itten, Johannes. The Art of Color. (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1973).
Johnson, Edward A. "Preliminary Exploration of the Chromatic Differential: The Measurement of the Meaning of Color." Visual Communication 8, Feather River CA, 1994.
Loftus, E. F. "Shifting Human Color Memory." Memory and Cognition 5 (1977): 696-699.
Mante, Harold. Color Design in Photography. (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold , 1972).
McGann, Anthony F. and David Snook-Luther. "Color Quality in Print Advertising." Journalism Quarterly. 70 (Winter, 1993): 934-938.
Moore, D. M. and F. M. Dwyer. "Effect of Color Coded Information on Students' Levels of Field Dependence." Journal of Instructional Psychology. 13 (1986): 19-24.
Pratt, F. "The Contribution of Color to Three-Dimensional Ambiguities in Paintings and Drawings. Perception 8 (1979): 157-173.
Pruisner, Peggy A. "The Role of Color in Remembering Graphically Presented Information." In Darrell G. Beauchamp, Roberts A. Braden, Robert E. Griffin. (Eds.) Imagery and Visual Literacy. Annual Conference Proceedings, 1995.
Pruisner, Peggy A. "From Color Code to Color Cue: Remembering Graphic Information." In Darrel G. Beauchamp, Roberts A. Braden, Judy Clark Baca (Eds.) Visual Literacy in the Digital Age. (Blacksburg, VA: International Visual Literacy Association, 1994).
Pruisner, Peggy A. "The Effects of a Color Code Used in Graphics on the Recall of Verbal Material." In Roberts Braden, Judy Clark Baca, Darrell Beauchamp (Eds.) Art ,Science. and Visual Literacy (Blacksburg, VA: The International Visual Literacy Association, Inc., 1993).
Pruisner, Peggy A. "The Effects of a Color Code in Graphic Presentation and Assessment on Remembering Visual Material." In J.C. Baca, D.G. Beauchamp, and R.A. Braden, (Eds.) Visual Communication: Bridging Across Cultures. (Blacksburg, VA: The International Visual Literacy Association, 1992).
Rosch, E. "The Nature of Mental Codes for Color Categories." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 1975 (1): 303-322.
Sparkman, Richard Jr. and Larry M. Austin. "The Effect on Sales of Color in Newspaper Advertisements." Journal of Advertising. 9:4 (1980): 39-42.
Telford, Anne. "Color Predictions." Communication Arts. (January/February 1994) 90.
Anderson, John. "Political Cartoons: A Semiotic Analysis." Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Annual Convention, Boston Mass., August, 1990.
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Berger, Arthur Asa. "Scratches From the Secret Agent: A Personal Perspective on the Art of Comic Illustration and the Creative Process."Visual Communication Quarterly. 2:3 (Summer, 1995): 8-10.
Caswell, Lucy Shelton. "A Repository for Editorial Cartoons, the Funny Papers, and Other Journalistic Graphics: The Ohio State CGA Collection." American Journalism. (Winter 1994): 4-10.
DeSousa, Michael A. and Martin J. Medhurst. "Political Cartoons and American Culture: Significant Symbols of Campaign 1980." Studies in Visual Communication. 8:1 (Winter, 1982): 84-97.
DeSousa, Michael A. and Martin J. Medhurst. "The Editorial Cartoon as Visual Rhetoric: Rethinking Boss Tweed." Journal of Visual Verbal Languaging. 2:2 (1982): 52-61.
Goldman, Mitchel and Margaret Hagen. "The Forms of Caricature: Physiognomy and Political Bias." Studies in Visual Communication. 5:1 (Fall, 1978): 30-36.
Harrison, R. P. The Cartoon: Communication to the Quick. (Beverely Hills: Sage, 1981).
Harrison, r. P. "Cartoon Communication: Research, Appreciation, and Training." Journal of Visual Verbal Languaging. 2:1 (1982): 29-34.
Kerns, Dan. "Decoding Photocopy Humor." In Darrel G. Beauchamp, Roberts A. Braden, Judy Clark Baca (Eds.) Visual Literacy in the Digital Age. IVLA Conference Proceedings, 1994.
Medhurst, J. J. and M. A. DeSousa. "Political Cartoons as Rhetorical Form: A Taxonomy of Graphic Discourse." Communication Monographs. 48 (1981): 197-236.
Penner, Maurice and Susan Penner. "Publicizing, Politicizing, and Neutralizing Homelessness: Comic Strips." Communication Research. 21:6 (December 1994): 766-781.
Perkins, David. "A Definition of Caricature and Caricature and Recognition." Studies in Visual Communication. 2:1 (Spring, 1975): 1-24.
Perkins, David and M. A. Hagen. "Convention, Context and Caricature." In M. A. Hagen (Ed.) The Perception of Pictures (New York: Academic Press, 1980).
Saraceni, Marco. The Language of Comics. Routledge, 2003.
Sewell, Edward H. Jr. "A Visual Rhetoric of the Protestant Reformation: The Use of Cartoons to Spread Literacy." Association for Educational Communications and Technology annual conference, Dallas, 1984.
Sewell, E. H. Jr., and R. L. Moore. "Cartoon Embellishments in Informative Presentations." Educational Communication and Technology Journal. 28 (1980): 39-46.
Steakley, James D. "Iconography of a Scandal: Political Cartoons and the Eulenburg Affair." Studies in Visual Communication 9:2 (Spring, 1983): 20-51.
Tversky, B. and D. Baratz. "Memory for Faces: Are Caricatures Better than Photographs?" Memory and Cognition. 13 (1985): 45-49.
Weschler, Judith. "Caricature, Newspapers, and Politics--Paris in the 1830s." Studies in Visual Communication 7:4 (Fall, 1981): 2-29.