Esileht

Üldist kirjandust

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Aguinaldo A. M., Turbeville, J. M., Linford, L. S., Rivera, M. C., Garey, J. R., Raff, R. A., Lake, J. A. 1997. Evidence for a clade of nematodes, arthropods and other moulting animals.  Nature 387: 489-493.

Arisue, N., Hasegawa, M. & Hashimoto, T. 2005. Root of the Eukaryota Tree as Inferred from Combined Maximum Likelihood Analyses of Multiple Molecular Sequence Data. Molecular Biology and Evolution 22: 409-420. [pdf]

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Baldauf, S. L., Roger, A. J., Wenk-Siefert, I., Doolittle, W. F. 2000. A Kingdom-Level Phylogeny of Eukaryotes Based on Combined Protein Data. Science 290: 972-977.

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Cafaro, M. J. 2005. Eccrinales (Trichomycetes) are not fungi, but a clade of protists at the early divergence of animals and fungi. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35: 21–34.

Cameron, C. B, Garey, J. R. & Swalla, B. J. 2000. Evolution of the chordate body plan: New insights from phylogenetic analyses of deuterostome phyla. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. USA 97: 4469-4474. [pdf]

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Cavalier-Smith, T. 1999. Principles of protein and lipid targeting in secondary symbiogenesis: Euglenoid, dinoflagellate, and sporozoan plastid origins and the eukaryote family tree. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 46: 347-366.

Cavalier-Smith, T. 2002a. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 52: 7-76. [pdf]

Cavalier-Smith, T. 2002b. The phagotrophic origin of eukaryotes and phylogenetic classification of Protozoa. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 52: 297-354. [pdf]

Cavalier-Smith, T. 2003. The excavate protozoan phyla Metamonada Grassé emend. (Anaeromonadea, Parabasalia, Carpediemonas, Eopharyngia) and Loukozoa emend. (Jakobea, Malawimonas): their evolutionary affinities and new higher taxa. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1741-1758.

Copley, R. R., Aloy, P., Russell, R. B. & Telford, M. J. 2004. Systematic searches for molecular synapomorphies in model metazoan genomes give some support for Ecdysozoa after accounting for the idiosyncrasies of Caenorhabditis elegans. Evolution & Development 6: 164-169.

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Grzebyk, D., Katz, M. E., Knoll, A. H., Quigg, A., Raven, J. A., Schofield, O., Taylor, F. J. R. & Falkowski, P. G. 2004. Response to Comment on "The Evolution of Modern Eukaryotic Phytoplankton". Science 306: 2191.

Giribet, G. 2002. Current advances in the phylogenetic reconstruction of metazoan evolution. A new paradigm for the Cambrian explosion? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 24: 345-357.

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Haase, A., Stern, M., Wächtler, K. & Bicker, G. 2001. A tissue-specific marker of Ecdysozoa. Development Genes and Evolution 211: 428-433.

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Halanych , K. M. 2004. The new view of animal phylogeny. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 35: 229-256.

Harper, J. T. & Keeling, P. J. 2003. Nucleus-Encoded, Plastid-Targeted Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) Indicates a Single Origin for Chromalveolate Plastids. Molecular Biology and Evolution 20: 1730–1735. [pdf]

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Hausdorf, B. 2000. Early evolution of the Bilateria. Systematic Biology 49: 130-142.

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Hillis, D. M., Pollock, D. D., McGuire, J.A. & Zwickl, D. J. 2003. Is sparse taxon sampling a problem for phylogenetic inference? Systematic Biology 52: 124-126.

Javaux, E. J., Knoll, A. H. & Walter, M. 2003. Recognizing and Interpreting the Fossils of Early Eukaryotes. Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 33: 75-94.

Järvekülg, A. 1981-1982. Loomade elu. 1.-2. köide. Valgus, Tallinn.

Katz, M. E., Finkel, Z. V., Grzebyk, D., Knoll, A. H. & Falkowski, P. G. 2004. Evolutionary trajectories and biogeochemical impacts of marine eukaryotic phytoplankton. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 35: 523–556.

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Larget, B., Simon, D. L., Kadane, J. B. & Sweet, D. 2005. A Bayesian Analysis of Metazoan Mitochondrial Genome Arrangements. Molecular Biology and Evolution 22: 486-495. [pdf]

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Mendoza, L., Taylor, J. W & Ajello, L. 2002. THE CLASS MESOMYCETOZOEA: A Heterogeneous Group of Microorganisms at the Animal-Fungal Boundary. Annual Review of Microbiology 56: 315-354.

Miller, D. J., Ball, E. E. & Technau, U. 2005. Cnidarians and ancestral genetic complexity in the animal kingdom. Trends in Genetics 21: 536-539.

Moreira, D. & López-García, P. 1998. Symbiosis Between Methanogenic Archaea and δ-Proteobacteria as the Origin of Eukaryotes: The Syntrophic Hypothesis. Journal of Molecular Evolution 47: 517 - 530.

Moreira, D, Le Guyader, H. & Philippe, H. 2000. The origin of red algae and the evolution of chloroplasts. Nature  405: 69-72.

Nielsen, C. 2001. Animal Evolution: Interrelationships of the Living Phyla. Second Edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 568 pp.

Nielsen, C. 2003. Proposing a solution to the Articulata-Ecdysozoa controversy. Zoologica Scripta 32: 475-482.

Olli, K. Elusa looduse jaotused. http://moritz.botany.ut.ee/~olli/be/

Olli, K. Protistid. http://moritz.botany.ut.ee/~olli/PE/protist.pdf

Patterson, D. J. 1999. The diversity of eukaryotes. American Naturalist 154 (supplement): S96-S124.

Pennisi, E. 2003. Modernizing the Tree of Life. Science 300: 1692-1697.

Peterson, K. J. & Eernisse, D. J. 2001. Animal phylogeny and the ancestry of bilaterians: inferences from morphology and 18S rDNA gene sequences. Evolution & Development 3: 170-205.

Peterson, K. J., Lyons, J. B., Nowak, K. S., Takacs, C. M., Wargo, M. J. & McPeek, M. A. 2004. Estimating metazoan divergence times with a molecular clock. Proceedings of National Academy of Science. USA 101: 6536-6541. [pdf]

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Philippe, H., Lopez, P., Brinkmann, H., Budin, K., Germot, A., Laurent, J., Moreira, D., Müller, M. & Le Guyader, H. 2000. Early-branching or fast-evolving eukaryotes? An answer based on slowly evolving positions. Proceedings of Royal Society of London B 267: 1213-1221.

Philippe, H., Snell, E. A., Bapteste, E., Lopez, P., Holland, P. W. H. & Casane, D. 2004. Phylogenomics of Eukaryotes: Impact of Missing Data on Large Alignments. Molecular Biology and Evolution 21: 1740-1752. [pdf]

Philippe, H., Lartillot, N. & Brinkmann, H. 2005. Multigene Analyses of Bilaterian Animals Corroborate the Monophyly of Ecdysozoa, Lophotrochozoa and Protostomia.  Molecular Biology and Evolution 22: 1246-1253. [pdf]

Ragan, M. A., Goggin, C. L., Cawthorn, R. J., Cerenius, L., Jamieson, A. V. C., Plourde, S. M., Rand, T. G., Söderhäll, K. & Gutell, R. R. 1996. A novel clade of protistan parasites near the animal-fungal divergence. Proceedings of National Academy of Science. USA 93: 11907-11912. [pdf]

Rivera, M. C. & Lake, J. A. 2004. The ring of life provides evidence for a genome fusion origin of eukaryotes. Nature 431: 152-155.

Rokas, A., King, N., Finnerty, J. & Carroll, S. B. 2003a. Conflicting phylogenetic signals at the base of the metazoan tree. Evolution & Development 5: 346-359.

Simpson, A. G. B. 2003. Cytoskeletal organization, phylogenetic affinities and systematics in the contentious taxon Excavata (Eukaryota). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1759-1777.

Simpson A. G. B. & Roger, A. J. 2002. Eukaryotic Evolution: Getting to the Root of the Problem. Current Biology 12: R691-R693.

Simpson A. G. B. & Roger, A. J. 2004. The real ‘kingdoms’ of eukaryotes. Current Biology 14: R693-R696.

Stechmann, A & Cavalier-Smith, T. 2002. Rooting the Eukaryote tree by using a derived gene fusion. Science 297: 89-91.

Stechmann, A & Cavalier-Smith, T. 2003. The root of the Eukaryote tree pinpointed. Current Biology 13: R665-R666.

Telford, M. J., Wise, M. J. & Gowri-Shankar, V. 2005. Consideration of RNA Secondary Structure Significantly Improves Likelihood-Based Estimates of Phylogeny: Examples from the Bilateria. Molecular Biology and Evolution 22: 1129-1136. [pdf]

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Zrzavy, J. 2001. The interrelationships of metazoan parasites: a review of phylum- and higher-level hypotheses from recent morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Folia Parasitologica 48: 81-103.

Zrzavy, J. 2003. Gastrotricha and metazoan phylogeny. Zoologica Scripta 32: 61-81.

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Käsnad

Borchiellini, C., Manuel, M., Alivon, E., Boury-Esnault, N., Vacelet, J. & Le Parco, Y. 2001. Sponge paraphyly and the origin of Metazoa. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 14: 171-179.

Borojevic, R., Boury-Esnault N. & Vacelet J. 2000. A revision of the supraspecific classification of the subclass Calcaronea (Porifera, class Calcarea). Zoosystema 22: 203-263. [pdf]

Botting, J. P & Butterfield, N. J. 2005. Reconstructing early sponge relationships by using the Burgess Shale fossil Eiffelia globosa, Walcott. Proceedings of National Academy of Science. USA 102: 1554-1559. [pdf]

Hooper, J. N. A. 2000. Guide to Sponge Collection and Identification. http://www.qmuseum.qld.gov.au/organisation/sections/SessileMarineInvertebrates/spong.pdf

Kruse, M., Leys, S. P., Müller, I. M. & Müller, W. E. G. 1998. Phylogenetic Position of the Hexactinellida Within the Phylum Porifera Based on the Amino Acid Sequence of the Protein Kinase C from Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni. Journal of Molecular Evolution 46: 721-728.

Manuel, M., Borchiellini, C., Alivon, E., Le Parco, Y., Vacelet, J., Boury-Esnault, N. 2003. Phylogeny and evolution of calcareous sponges : monophyly of calcinea and calcaronea, high level of morphological homoplasy, and the primitive nature of axial symmetry. Systematic Biology 52: 311-333.

Müller, W. E. G. 2001. Review: How was metazoan threshold crossed? The hypothetical Urmetazoa. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 129: 433–460.

Plaatloomad

Ender, A. & Schierwater, B. 2003. Placozoa are not derived cnidarians: Evidence from molecular morphology. Molecular Biology & Evolution 20: 130-134. [pdf]

Voigt, O., Collins, A. G., Pearse, V. B., Pearse, J. S., Ender, A., Hadrys, H. & Schierwater, B. 2004. Placozoa – no longer a phylum of one. Current Biology 14: R944-R945.

Ainuõõssed

Systematics of Cubozoa. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cubozoasy.html

Marques, A. C. & Collins, A. G. 2004. Cladistic analysis of Medusozoa and cnidarian evolution. Invertebrate Biology 123: 23-42.

Mills, C.E. Internet 1999-present. Stauromedusae: list of all valid species names. http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Staurolist.html

Limaeosloomad

Anderson, C. L., Canning, E. U., Okamura, B. 1998. A triploblast origin for Myxozoa? Nature 392: 346-347.

Kent, M. L., K. B. Andree, J. L. Bartholomew, M. El-Matbouli, S. S. Desser, R. H. Devlin, S. W. Feist, R. P. Hedrick, R. W. Hoffmann, J. Khattra, S. L. Hallett, R. J. G. Lester, M. Longshaw, O. Palenzeula, M. E. Siddall, and C. Xiao. 2001. Recent advances in our knowledge of the Myxozoa. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 48: 395-413.

Monteiro, A.S., Okamura, B. & Holland, P.W.H. 2002. Orphan worm finds a home: Buddenbrockia is a myxozoan. Molecular Biology and Evolution 19: 968-971. [pdf]

Okamura, B. & Canning, E. U. 2003. Orphan worms and homeless parasites enhance bilaterian diversity. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 18: 633-639.

Okamura, B., A. Curry, T. S. Wood & E. U. Canning. 2002. Ultrastructure of Buddenbrockia identifies it as a myxozoan and verifies the bilaterian origin of the Myxozoa. Parasitology 124: 215-223.

Vaheloomad

Hanelt, B., van Schyndel, D., Adema, C. M., Lewis, L. A. & Loker, E. S. 1996. The phylogenetic position of Rhopalura ophiocomae (Orthonectida) based on 18S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis
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Katayama, T., Wada, H., Furuya, H., Satoh, N. & Yamamoto, M. 1995. Phylogenetic Position of the Dicyemid Mesozoa Inferred from 18S rDNA Sequences. The Biological Bulletin 189: 81-90. [pdf]

Kobayashi, M., Furuya, H. & Holland, P. W. H. 1999. Evolution: Dicyemids are higher animals. Nature 401: 762

Noto, T. & Endoh, H. 2004. A "chimera" theory on the origin of dicyemid mesozoans: evolution driven by frequent lateral gene transfer from host to parasite. BioSystems 73: 73-83.

Pawlowski, J., Montoya-Burgos, J. I., Fahrni, J. F., Wuest, J. & Zaninetti, L. 1996. Origin of the Mesozoa inferred from 18S rRNA gene sequences. Molecular Biology and Evolution 13: 1128-1132. [pdf]

Kammloomad

Mills, C.E. Internet 1998-present. Phylum Ctenophora: list of all valid species names. http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Ctenolist.html

Podar, M., Haddock, S. H. D., Sogin, M. L. & Harbison, G. R. 2001. A Molecular Phylogenetic Framework for the Phylum Ctenophora Using 18S rRNA Genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 21: 218–230.

Wallberg, A., Thollesson, M., Farris, J. S. & Jondelius, U. 2004. The phylogenetic position of the comb jellies (Ctenophora) and the importance of taxonomic sampling. Cladistics 20: 558–578.

Lameussid

Baguñà, J. & Riutort, M. 2004. Molecular phylogeny of the Platyhelminthes. Canadian Journal of Zoology  82: 168-193.

Ruiz-Trillo, I., Riutort, M., Littlewood, D. T. J., Hernieu, E. A., Baguñà, J. 1999. Acoel flatworms: earliest extant bilaterian metazoans, not members of Platyhelminthes. Science 283: 1919-1923.

Ruiz-Trillo, I., Paps, J., Loukota, M., Ribera, C., Jondelius, U., Baguñà, J., Riutort, M. 2002. A phylogenetic analysis of myosin heavy chain type II sequences corroborates that Acoela and Nemertoderematida are basal bilaterians. Proceedings of National Academy of Science. USA 99: 11246-11251. [pdf]

Ruiz-Trillo, I., Riutort, M., Matthew Fourcade, H., Baguñà, J. & Boore, J. L. 2004a. Mitochondrial genome data support the basal position of Acoelomorpha and the polyphyly of the Platyhelminthes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 33: 321–332.

Telford, M. J., Lockyer, A. E., Cartwright-Finch, C., Littlewood, D. T. J. 2003. Combined large and small subunit ribosomal RNA phylogenies support a basal position of the acoelomorph flatworms. Proceedings of Royal Society of London B 270: 1077-1083.

Tyler, S. 2003. Platyhelminthes: the nature of a controversial phylum. http://devbio.umesci.maine.edu/styler/globalworming/platyhelm.htm

Tyler, S., Schilling, S., Hooge, M. & Bush, L. F. (comp.). Turbellarian taxonomic database. Version 1.4. http://devbio.umesci.maine.edu/styler/turbellaria/

Keriloomad

Segers, H. 2002. The nomenclature of the Rotifera: annotated checklist of valid familyand genus-group names. Journal of Natural History 36: 631–640.

Örstan, A. LIBS - Literature Index for Bdelloid Rotifers. http://web.archive.org/web/20011030185240/http://members.aol.com/bdelloid1/

Rotifera. http://www.nies.go.jp/chiiki1/protoz/identi-r.htm

Micrognathozoa

Harjaslõugsed

Helfenbein, K. G., Fourcade, H. M., Vanjani, R. G. & Boore, J. L. 2004. The mitochondrial genome of Paraspadella gotoi is highly reduced and reveals that chaetognaths are a sister group to protostomes. Proceedings of National Academy of Science. USA 101: 10639–10643. [pdf]

Papillon, D., Perez, Y., Caubit, X. & Le Parco, Y. 2004. Identification of Chaetognaths as Protostomes Is Supported by the Analysis of Their Mitochondrial Genome. Molecular Biology and Evolution 21: 2122–2129. [pdf]

Telford, M. J. 2004. Affinity for arrow worms. Nature 431: 254-256.

Thuesen, E. V. Chaetognatha. http://192.211.16.13/t/thuesene/chaetognaths/chaetognaths.htm

Sammalloomad

Passamaneck, Y. J. & Halanych, K. M. 2004. Evidence from Hox genes that bryozoans are lophotrochozoans. Evolution & Development 6: 275–281.

Käsijalgsed

Cohen, B. L. & Weydmann, A. 2005. Molecular evidence that phoronids are a subtaxon of brachiopods (Brachiopoda: Phoronata) and that genetic divergence of metazoan phyla began long before the early Cambrian. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 5: 253–273.

de Rosa, R. 2001. Molecular data indicate the protostome affinity of brachiopods. Systematic Biology 50: 848–859.

Rõngussid

Eeckhaut, I., McHugh, D., Mardulyn, P., Tiedemann, R., Monteyne, D., Jangous, M., & Milinkovitch, M. 2000. Myzostomida: a link between trochozoans and flatworms? Proceedings of Royal Society of London B 267: 1383-1392.

McHugh, D. 1997. Molecular evidence that echiurans and pogonophorans are derived annelids. Proceedings of National Academy of Science. USA 94: 8006–8009. [pdf]

Rousset, V., Rouse, G. W., Siddall, M. E., Tillier, A. & Pleijel, F. 2004. The phylogenetic position of Siboglinidae (Annelida) inferred from 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and morphological data. Cladistics 20: 518–533.

Ripskõhtsed

Todaro, M. A. Gastrotricha. http://www.gastrotricha.unimore.it/

Konuvaglad

Cutler, E. B. Sipuncula Classification. http://www.mcz.harvard.edu/Departments/InvertZoo/as.fldr/cutler/sipclass.htm

Maxmen, A. B., King, B. F., Cutler, E. B. & Giribet, G. 2003. Evolutionary relationships within the protostome phylum Sipuncula: a molecular analysis of ribosomal genes and histone H3 sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 27: 489-503.

Limused

Aplacophoran genera. http://www.whoi.edu/science/B/aplacophora/gentab.html

CephBase. http://www.cephbase.dal.ca/spdb/classgroup.cfm

Jeffery, P. & The Natural History Museum. GastroClass: Gastropod Classification. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/palaeontology/i&p/gastroclass/gastroclass.htm

Pina, A. Sistemática. http://www.eumed.net/malakos/Sis/sistematica.html

Loimurid

Tardigrada Taxonomy. http://www.tardigrades.de/taxa.htm

Lülijalgsed

Abe, M. & Smith David R. 1991. The genus-group names of Symphyta (Hymenoptera) and their type species. Esakia 31: 1–115.

Cranston, P.S. & Gullan, P.J. 2003. The Phylogeny of Insects, in Encyclopedia of Entomology edited by R.T. Carde & V.H. Resh. Academic/Elsevier. [pdf]

Dunlop, J. A. & Arango, C. P. 2005. Pycnogonid affnities: a review. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 43: 8-21.

Giribet, G., Edgecombe, G. D. & Wheeler, W. C. 2001. Arthropod phylogeny based on eight molecular loci and morphology. Nature 413: 157-161.

Giribet, G., Edgecombe, G. D., Wheeler, W. C. & Babbitt, C. 2002. Phylogeny and systematic position of opiliones: a combined analysis of Chelicerata relationships using morphological and molecular data. Cladistics 18: 5-70.

Giribeta, G., Edgecombe, G. D., Carpenter, J. M., D’Haese, C. A. & Wheeler, W. C. 2004b. Is Ellipura monophyletic? A combined analysis of basal hexapod relationships with emphasis on the origin of insects. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 4: 319–340.

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1996. Megalodontidae Konow, 1897 (Insecta, Hymenoptera): spelling emended to Megalodontesidae, so removing the homonymy with Megalodontidae Morris & Lycett. 1853 (Mollusca, Bivalvia). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 53: 66-67.

Harzsch, S. 2004. The tritocerebrum of Euarthropoda: a ‘‘non-drosophilocentric’’ perspective. Evolution & Development 6: 303–309.

Hwang, U. W., Friedrich, M., Tautz, D., Park, C. J. & Kim, W. 2001. Mitochondrial protein phylogeny joins myriapods with chelicerates. Nature 413: 154-157.

Klass, K.-D., Zompro, O., Kristensen, N. P., Adis, J. 2002. Mantophasmatodea: A New Insect Order with Extant Members in the Afrotropics. Science 296: 1456-1459.

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